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Selected sites from the Asian Development Bank
The elements of good governance
The
following sections consider briefly the relevance of the four
elements of good governance to the development process.
Good Governance Practices are drawn from programs
and projects which enabled governments to provide their citizens
with improved public service, in an efficient and effective
manner.
Good Governance for Poverty Reduction
Ensuring sound and pro-poor public sector management. The
quality of
governance is critical to poverty reduction. Since effective
and efficient delivery of basic services by the public sector
matters most to the poor, weak governance hurts them
disproportionately.
Lessons from past interventions
Lessons
Learned from the Implementation of Projects with Governance
Objectives Since 1995, ADB has
amassed insights in designing and implementing programs and
projects with governance objectives.
Internet Resources and Organizations
African Development Bank(AfDB)
The site provides information on AfDB’s
approach, projects, and
publications on governance and its
anticorruption agenda.
Australian Agency for International Development (AusAid)
This site provides information on
AusAid’s governance programs,
publications, and
research.
Belgium Technical Cooperation (BTC) This site provides
information on BTC’s approach to
decentralization and local governance.
Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) This site
provides access to CIDA’s programs
and
publications on governance.
CIDA’s Office for Democratic
Governance focuses on issues of freedom and democracy, human
rights, rule of law, and open and accountable public
institutions in developing countries.
Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA) DANIDA’s
DevForum provides information
and news on development priorities and themes in Danish
development assistance, including good
governance,
anticorruption, and
public sector management. The site includes links to key
references on governance, DANIDA’s
governance programmes, and
publications/research briefs from its
good governance seminars.
Department for International Development, UK (DFID)’s
Governance and Social Development Resource Centre (GSDRC)
provides the latest information about governance in development.
DFID has initiated a
Drivers of Change (DoC)
approach
to identify the political institutions, structures and agents
that can act as key levers to enable pro-poor change and
therefore improve the effectiveness of aid.
German Development Service (DED)
DED promotes democracy, civil society, rule of law, and local
development through its capacity building activities for local
authorities and civil society organisations
and its civil conflict management projects.
Gesellschaft
fur Technische
Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) This site outlines
GTZ’s
service areas and provides access to
publications on governance,
decentralization, corruption, and other public sector reform
issues.
Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)
This site provides information on IADB’s
projects and publications and features a global
governance indicators database
which can generate regional and country-level comparative data
on a number of governance measures.
Japan International Cooperation
Agency(JICA) This site
outlines JICA’s approach to
governance, includes information on current projects, and
provides access to related publications.
Norwegian Agency for Development (NORAD)
This site provides access to NORAD’s
library of governance publications
and information on its
anticorruption work.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation
and Development’s (OECD) Development Aid Effectiveness Committee
(DAC) DAC is focused on promoting a global
partnership for development and accelerate progress towards the
Millennium Development Goals.
DAC’s
Network on Governance or GOVNET aims to improve the
effectiveness of development assistance in governance and in
support of capacity development. It provides a policy forum for
members to discuss lessons learned and disseminate good
practices. This site also includes links to recent publications
as well as archived copies of OECD’s public management
newsletter, Focus, which
was discontinued in 2002.
Swedish International Development
Cooperation Agency (SIDA) This site provides
information on SIDA’s democratic
governance programs and publications.
Stichting
Nederlandse
Vriwilligers (SNV) Netherlands Development
Organization This site
highlights SNV’s focus on
strengthening local government and includes case studies,
publications, and information on its regional programs.
USAID’s
Office for Democracy and Governance
USAID’s governance office is tasked
with supporting and advancing USAID's
democracy and governance (DG) programming worldwide, helping
USAID field missions design and implement democracy strategies,
providing technical and intellectual leadership in the field of
democracy development, and managing some USAID programs
directly.
USAID's
Development Experience Clearinghouse (DEC), is
searchable by subject and country and contains several
governance resources.
UNDP's
Democratic Governance Program This program was
established in 1995 to respond to increasing demands on UNDP for
technical assistance in governance and management development.
The program’s global policy network is supported by its
Oslo Governance Centre
established in Norway in 2002. The site also includes
information on UNDP’s work in
regionally and at the country level in
Asia and the Pacific.
United Nations Capital Development
Fund (UNCDF) UNCDF offers investment capital,
capacity building and technical advisory services to promote
microfinance and local development in the Least Developed
Countries (LDCs). The site provides
resources and publications in key areas including
local governance.
United Nations Financing for
Development Office The site serves as the central
clearinghouse for key documents and the follow up process for
the 2002 International Conference on Financing for Development,
which culminated in the adoption of the
Monterrey Consensus
[ PDF
].
The Partnership for Democratic
Governance (PDG) PDG is a new multilateral initiative
designed to assist developing countries, wherever capacity is
limited, to improve governance, strengthen capacity and
accountability and effectively deliver essential services such
as efficient customs, judicial and tax services.
World Bank’s Governance and
Anticorruption Portal,
World Bank Institute’s Governance and Anticorruption site,
and Public Sector Governance Group
World Bank facilitates action-oriented and
participatory programs to promote good governance and curb
corruption in its client countries. These dedicated sites
include articles, publications, learning products, data, and
other resources related to governance and corruption. Key
resources include the Governance
Matters Indicators,
BRIBEline, and the
Country Policy and Institutional
Assessment (CPIA) Index.
World Bank Demand for
Good Governance
Demand for Good Governance (DFGG),
or "demand-side" activities are made up of development
approaches that focus on citizens as the ultimate stakeholders
for better governance. With this focus, they strengthen the
capacity of civil society, the media, parliament, local
communities, and the private sector to hold authorities
accountable for better development results. As such, DFGG
complements and strengthens the World Bank Group's traditional
"supply-side" work that supports client states to provide
government services.
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Related Articles
The attached articles are for course use and should
not be redistributed
After Trident: Proliferation
or Peace? Gittings, John.
International Relations; December 2007, Vol. 21 Issue: Number 4
p387-410, 24p
The
British government decision on `Trident renewal' forms part of a
much wider rebuff to the non-proliferation and peace agenda.
The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty risks being discredited at
its next review in 2010; new nuclear powers are setting the pace
for others; another `war' is being threatened which will last
`for generations'. There has been no post-Cold War peace
dividend, and the chance to make up for lost time has been
missed. War, not peace, is once again seen as the universal
default mode. It is now clear that traditional arguments in
favour of peace and nuclear
disarmament are never going to succeed. The view that one
`cannot predict the unpredictable', used to justify the Trident
decision, will always result in decisions being reached on a
worst-case scenario. New arguments need to be developed with a
broader appeal based not only on strategic calculation but on a
compelling alternative world view. Looking both forward and back
into history we have to rediscover peace, not war, as humanity's
central concern. Just as the test of the
good ruler in ancient China was to maintain peace within the
four corners of the kingdom, so today modern states have a
shared obligation to exercise good governance across the globe.
The effort to reshape our common goals will require a sustained
exercise in the re-education of elites, and the
mobilisation of multitudes.
Measuring Good Governance Using Time Series Data: Fiji Islands.
Gani,
Azmat
, Duncan, Ron. Journal of the Asia
Pacific Economy; August 2007, Vol. 12 Issue: Number 3 p367-385,
19p
This paper reports on the construction of a governance index for
Fiji Islands for the period 1985 to 2003. The governance index
has three core dimensions, each a composite of several
indicators. Time series for each of the three dimensions of
governance, as well as for the overall governance index, are
presented in a range from zero (poorest achievement) to 1.0
(best achievement). The indices indicate that Fiji's governance
performance was very adversely affected by the coups of 1987 and
2000, with the Rule of Law dimension being the most adversely
affected. The index constructed provides a basis from which to
monitor future governance performance.
Melanesian Seasonal Migration as a Potential Contribution to
Security.
Ware, Helen. Global Change, Peace & Security; October 2007, Vol.
19 Issue: Number 3 p221-242, 22p
The
Pacific Region has justifiably become increasingly concerned
about insecurity in the Pacific island countries. In the longer
term, the solution to this insecurity lies not in the military
intervention of Regional Assistance Missions, or the external
imposition of good governance programmes,
but in economic development that specifically gives young people
a stake in their country rather than a motivation for unrest or
permanent emigration. The paper discusses the potential for
seasonal migration from Melanesia, as contrasted with permanent
emigration from Polynesia, to make a contribution both to island
economies and to regional security. Kiribati's and Tuvalu's
experiences with the temporary migration of seafarers are
examined for possible lessons. The recently implemented New
Zealand seasonal migration programme
for the Pacific is set out as a possible model for further
development.
The
Governance Bank.
Thomas, M. A. International Affairs; July 2007, Vol. 83 Issue:
Number 4 p729-745, 17p
While the
cancellation of a number of high-profile loans because of
corruption concerns has made headline news, the World Bank's
principal approach to poorly governed countries is lending in
order to support reforms. Although designed to be an apolitical
technocratic development financier, increasingly the Bank has
focused its attention and resources on promoting good governance
in its borrowers. Bank lawyers and presidents have attempted to
hive of apolitical aspects of governance by arguing a
distinction between the rule of law and the political character
of government, but this distinction is illusory. The Bank's
inability to address the political
embeddedness of poor governance in neo-patrimonial
governments skews risk assessments and impedes the formation of
effective strategies. Reform of the charter would not eliminate
the Bank's bureaucratic and political constraints.
The
Localization of Power in Southeast Asia.
Democratization; December 2007, Vol. 14 Issue: Number 5
p873-892, 20p
The
article analyzes the localization of power in Southeast Asia,
particularly in Indonesia after 1998, when the institutional
frameworks of the authoritarian New Order of
Soeharto quickly
unravelled and new ones were rapidly
constructed, associated both with electoral democracy and
decentralization policy. Comparisons are made in the process
with the trajectories of the Philippines and Thailand, two other
major post-authoritarian societies in Southeast Asia (though the
label can only problematically be applied to Thailand after the
coup of September 2006), which have undergone democratization
and varying degrees of decentralization. It is argued that the
collective experience of these Southeast Asian societies
displays some of the more tangible limits to technocratic power.
In Indonesia, there are two sets of interests being marginalized
under decentralized electoral democracy: class-based interests
in opposition to the brand of predatory capitalism that has
survived the demise of the New Order; and foreign and domestic
supporters of decentralization as 'good governance' that
threaten local coalitions of predatory power deploying money
politics and developing greater economic and political
aspirations and ambitions. While the rise of electoral democracy
has meant broader political participation, political
contestation remains confined to competing coalitions of local
predatory interests.
Unlocking Australia's Relationship with the Middle East.
Mansouri, Fethi.
Australian Journal of Political Science; March 2007, Vol.
42 Issue: Number 1 p129-142, 14p
Historically, Australia's interests in the Middle East related
primarily to its role in the Commonwealth imperial
defence system which resulted in the
deployment of Australian forces in the Middle East during both
the First and Second World Wars. Similarly, the current
involvement of Australian troops in Iraq and Afghanistan is
driven by the country's strategic alliance with the United
States. However, Australia's current involvement reflects a
multifaceted relationship that spans economic, political and
strategic spheres. Yet it is at the level of cultural and
civilisational contacts that this
relationship appears at its most vulnerable. This paper argues
that a deeper understanding of this cultural dimension combined
with a broader emphasis on good governance and human rights
would be conducive to more robust ties in the longer term.
Vanuatu
in Australia-China-Taiwan relations.
Australian Journal of International Affairs; September 2007,
Vol. 61 Issue: Number 3 p351-366, 16p
Vanuatu became a major issue in Australia-China-Taiwan relations
during Serge Vohor's turbulent prime
ministership in 2004. Already
engaged in a struggle with Australia over 'good governance',
Vohor signed an agreement
diplomatically recognising Taiwan.
Chinese and Australian pressure led to
Vohor's ouster, and a diplomatic setback for Taiwan.
Although Australia and Taiwan viewed each other as side issues
in this episode, with Australia focused on
Vohor and Taiwan on China, their interests were directly
opposed during the episode. As became evident in the aftermath
of the post-election riot in Solomon Islands in April 2006,
these divergent positions have had a lasting negative impact on
each country's perception of the other. The key events of 2004
are examined here to demonstrate how this episode has affected
the wider landscape of Australia-China-Taiwan relations.
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Countries at the crossroads : a survey of democratic
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Tatic, Sanja.
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