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Combating Transnational Crime : Concepts, Activities and Responses.
Phil Williams and Dimitri Vlassis.
Portland, OR : Frank Cass, 2001.
390p. "Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation of Women and Children"
p.237.
The rise of transnational organized crime in the last
decades of the twentieth century was as unexpected as the end of the Cold War.
This emergence is both a symptom and a result of changes in international
relations. It is also a development that will exacerbate the difficulties of
managing globalization. The first part explores the nature and meaning of
transnational organized crime, its operations in illegal markets, and its
organization. The second part offers a few case studies of specific criminal
activity, such as maritime fraud and trafficking in women and children. The
third part focuses on political, judicial and law enforcement responses.
HV6252 .C65
2001
The Culture of Violence.
Kumar Rupesinghe and Marcial Rubio C. Tokyo ; New York : United Nations
University Press, c1994.
292p.
This volume examines the relationship between culture
and violence, an aspect of the phenomenon heretofore neglected but of growing
interest and importance. Taking as their point of departure violence between
groups within a state, or between the state and groups residing within it, the
contributions seek to identify and analyze the possible links between culture
and violence. Theoretical arguments are balanced with specific case-studies -
Sri Lanka, Colombia, Bolivia, Uganda, Venezuela, the US, Brazil, and Chile. The
discussions range from considerations of forms of violence, the root factors of
violence, the use of ethnic myth in power and violence, and state terrorism, to
gender and class factors, violence against children, drug-related violence, and
human rights.
HM281 .C89 1994
Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy.
Kevin Bales.
Berkeley : University of California Press, c2004.
298p.
Slavery is illegal throughout the world, yet more than
twenty-seven million people are still trapped in one of history's oldest
social institutions. Investigates conditions in Thailand, Mauritania,
Brazil, Pakistan, India, and parts of America and Europe and reveals the
nature of the new slavery and how it has adapted to the global economy.
People are taken by force and held against their wills through fear. Bales
interviews actual slaves, slaveholders, and public officials to reveal the
lives of slaves, including enslaved brickmakers in Pakistan, sex slaves in
Thailand, and domestic slaves in France. He uncovers the economic and social
forces that sustain slavery, from the corruption of local governments to the
complicity of multinational corporations. He pinpoints just who benefits
from the incredible profits of the new slavery. And he shows how the lives
of these slaves are bound by our own through our purchase of slave-made
products or mutual funds that invest in companies using slave labor. In his
conclusion, Bales offers suggestions for how individuals and governments can
combat slavery and describes successful antislavery actions by international
and local organizations.
HT867 .B35 2004
East
Asia Imperilled : Transnational Challenges to Security.
Alan
Dupont.
Cambridge,
U.K.
: Cambridge
University
Press, 2001.
336p.
Dupont argues that an emerging new class of non-military threats has the
potential to destabilize East Asia and reverse decades of hard-won economic and
social development. Transnational threats stem from overpopulation,
deforestation and pollution, global warming, unregulated population movements,
transnational crime and virulent new strains of infectious diseases.
GE160 .E18 D86 2001
Global Human Smuggling : Comparative Perspectives.
David
Kyle and Rey Koslowski.
Baltimore:
The
Johns Hopkins University Press,
2001.
374p.
During the past decades, human smuggling across national borders grew from
a low-level border crossing activity in a handful of countries to a
diverse multibillion dollar business spanning the entire globe. But how well do
we understand it? This volume explores the global dimensions of human smuggling
in several forms and regions, examining its deep social, economic and cultural
roots and its broad political consequences. Part 1 discusses the sociohistorical
context and contemporary diversity of human smuggling of migrants,
asylum-seekers, and those tricked into slavery. Part 2 presents high profile
case studies. Part 3 looks closely at the legal construction of victimized women
trafficked into slavery; social construction of smuggled immigrants; and the
sanctioning of unauthorized employment of illegal immigrants.
JV6201 .G56 2001
Globalization
and Non-Traditional Security Issues: a Study of Human and Drug Trafficking in
East Asia.
Ralf
Emmers.
IDSS
working paper.
No.
62
Singapore : Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, Nanyang Technological
University, the Republic of Singapore, 1998-
March
2004.
26p.
This
paper focuses on illicit drug and human trafficking in China and Southeast Asian
countries and examines these categories of transnational crime in the context of
a globalizing world. It argues that that the protection of the state and human
security against drug and people trafficking will increasingly require effective
transnational cooperation and some surrendering of state sovereignty.
UA832.8 .I21 2004 NO.62
Human
Smuggling : Chinese Migrant Trafficking and the Challenge to America's
Immigration Tradition.
Paul J. Smith.
Washington, D.C. : Center for Strategic
& International Studies, 1997. 207p.
Chinese
migrant trafficking into the U.S. persists. This illegal immigration is
organized by highly effective alien smuggling organizations using routes
involving more than 30 countries and earning hundreds of millions of dollars.
The authors examine the roots and logistics of this growth industry as well
as the "push" and "pull" factors - such as unemployment
and population pressures - that are fueling the Chinese exodus to the land
known as the "Beautiful Country."
E184 .C5 H86 1997
Human
Traffic and Transnational Crime : Eurasian and American Perspectives.
Sally Stoecker and Louise Shelley.
Lanham : Rowman & Littlefield,
c2005.
161p.
Human Trafficking is a growing transnational criminal
phenomenon-conservative estimates put the total number of persons trafficked
globally at two million per year. In "Human Traffic and Transnational
Crime", criminologists, sociologists, and demographers from European,
Siberian, and far-eastern parts of Russia offer the first in-depth,
scholarly study of human trafficking in Russia and Ukraine, their
groundbreaking work defines the motivations behind and reactions to this
horrifying trend.
HQ281 .H86 2004
Human
Traffic : Sex, Slaves and Immigration.
Craig McGill. London : Vision, 2003.
216p.
People smuggling is now a more lucrative
illicit industry than drug smuggling. There are more than five million
illegal aliens residing in the U.S. alone. They mostly come from Mexico, the
Philippines, India, Vietnam and China. But how did they get into the
country? And who helped them? Through powerful interviews, the reader learns
what it is like to be an illegal immigrant -- the difficulties that the lack
of an official identity can bring, the strain of a secret existence and, in
all too many cases, the devastation of being sold into sexual and economic
slavery. This book will appeal to anyone with an interest in immigration
matters, as it looks at the issue on a truly global level. With chapters on
North America, Europe, Australasia and the Far East, as well as first-person
accounts from the smugglers and the smuggled, this book is a timely insight
into a growing North American problem.
HQ281 .M34 2003
Illicit Flows and Criminal Things: States, Borders and the Other Side of
Globalization.
Willem van Schendel and Itty
Abraham.
Bloomington, IN: Indiana University
Press, 2005. 266p.
Offers a new
perspective on illegal transnational linkages, international relations, and
the transnational. The contributors argue for a nuanced approach that
recognizes the difference between "organized" crime and the thousands of
illicit acts that take place across national borders every day. They
distinguish between the illegal (prohibited by law) and the illicit
(socially perceived as unacceptable), which are historically changeable and
contested. Detailed case studies of arms smuggling, illegal transnational
migration, the global diamond trade, borderland practices, and the
transnational consumption of drugs take us to Asia, Africa, Latin America,
Europe, and North America. They allow us to understand how states, borders,
and the language of law enforcement produce criminality, and how people and
goods which are labeled "illegal" move across regulatory spaces.
HV6252 .I448 2005
Illicit: How Smugglers, Traffickers and Copycats are Hijacking the Global
Economy.
Moises Naim.
New York : Doubleday, 2005.
340p.
Naim provides
a detailed tour of the major globalized criminal activities: drug production
and distribution, illegal arms dealing, human trafficking, counterfeiting,
money laundering and so on and introduces a host of criminal networks that
profit from them.
Naim creates a picture of illicit trade which demonstrates
that, far from taking place in a shadowy underworld, such activity is
inextricably linked to legitimate commerce and directly affects all of us.
In Naim's view, globalization's "diffusion of power to individuals and
groups" and away from sovereign states has created a "smuggler's nirvana,"
in which the lines between legitimate and illegitimate economic activity are
blurred and criminal networks possess an unprecedented degree of political
influence. Making matters worse, the widening gap between global haves and
have-nots what Naim calls "geopolitical bright spots and black holes" has
increased the incentive for individuals and groups on both sides of the
divide to participate in illicit activities.
HV6252 .N35 2005
Illicit Trafficking: A Reference Handbook.
Robert J. Kelly, et al.
Santa Barbara, Calif. : ABC-CLIO, c2005. 260p.
Offers an
easy-to-grasp overview of this growing modern problem. Defines key terms and
concepts. Offers a brief history. What are the roles
of organized crime and transnational crime in illicit trafficking? Does
immigration foster illicit trafficking? What is the relationship of the
volume of illicit trafficking to globalization? What is the relationship of
the growth of global finance to illicit trafficking? How do worldwide
communication technologies affect illicit trafficking? What are the defining
characteristics of transnational crime groups? What are the relationships
among governments, social structure, and organized crime? Do ethnic
conflicts and state dissolution facilitate illicit trafficking? Do political
instability and military conflict contribute to criminal activities? What
are the trends among transnational crime groups? Can law enforcement operate
effectively in a global environment? How are transnational organized crime
and illicit trafficking related?
HV6252 .K45 2005
Innocent women and children : gender,
norms and the protection of civilians.
Charli R.Carpenter. Aldershot, England ; Burlington, VT : Ashgate, c2006.
217p.
This study examines the influence of gender constructs on the international
regime protecting war-affected civilians.
KZ6515 .C37 2006
Managing
the Flow of Migration : Regional Approaches.
Kritaya Archavanitkul and Philip
Guest.
Nakhon Pathom, Thailand :
Institute
for Population and Social Research (IPSR), 1999.
36p.
Governments
have come to the realization that it is not possible to address economic,
social and political issues solely within national frameworks. The causes and
effects of many pressing national issues derive from relationships between
countries. It is now recognized that regional collaboration and planning is
required to fully address a whole range of problems. One area of great concern
is undocumented migration.
JV8490 .K75 1999
The Natashas: Inside the New Global Sex Trade.
Victor
Malarek. New York : Arcade : distributed by Time Warner Book Group, 2004.
303p.
According to
the U.S. State Department, at least 800,000-900,000 impoverished young
women, many of them orphans, from Eastern and Central Europe, are lured with
promises of jobs as waitresses, nannies or maids in Western Europe or North
America. Instead, they find themselves imprisoned in apartments, massage
parlors or brothels in countries ranging from South Korea, Bosnia and Japan
to Israel and Germany. With "ruthless efficiency," in the words of one
European official, Russian and other organized crime syndicates control this
human trade, which offers high profits with little risk of interference
thanks to "complacency, complicity, and corruption" on the part of national
governments and law enforcement.
HQ117 .M26 2004
The Queen's Slave Trade: John Hawkyns, Elizabeth I, and the Trafficking in
Human Souls.
Nick Hazlewood.
New York : William Morrow, c2004. 416p.
In the 17th
and 18th centuries, England became the greatest slave trading nation in the
world. This impressively researched and disturbing biography tells the story
of John Hawkyns, an Elizabethan privateer and the queen's personal slave
trader, exploring his life and chronicling the rise of the English slave
trade.
Hawkyns conducted profitable but brutal slave trading
expeditions, capturing his victims on the west coast of Africa and selling
them illegally in Spanish ports in the Americas.
DA86.22 .H3 H39 2004
Refugees
and Forced Displacement : International Security, Human Vulnerability, and the
State.
Edward Newman and Joanne van Selm.
New York : United Nations
University Press,
2003.
391p. Chapter
9: "Reconciling Control and Compassion? Human Smuggling and the Right to
Asylum." (by) Khalid Koser.
Human
displacement can be both a cause and a consequence of conflict within and
among societies. As such, the management of refugee movements and the
protection of displaced people should be an integral part of security policy
and conflict management. Refugees and forcibly displaced people can also
represent the starkest example of a tension between "human security"
and "national security". The authors apply this theme to a number of
pressing problems covering international law, internally displaced persons,
early warning of refugee flows, asylum, the actors and institutions involved
in refugee protection, the return and reintegration of displaced people,
gender and displacement, and ethical perspectives. The book demonstrates how
many of the challenges of refugees, and the challenges posed by societies and
governments to refugee protection, have been exacerbated by the terrorist
attacks of September 2001.
JV6346 .R4 R45 2003
Trafficking and the Global Sex Industry.
Karen Beeks and Delila Amir.
Lanham, MD : Lexington Books, c2006.
239p.
Focuses on the international trafficking of women and
children for forced labor and prostitution. The essays create a link from
country to country, demonstrating the worldwide nature of the problem.
Expertly written and well researched, this collection gives the reader a
clearer understanding of the problem of human trafficking and the actions
being taken to combat it.
HQ281 .T64 2006
Transnational Crime.
Jay Albanese.
Whitby, ON : de Sitter Publications, c2005.
188p.
Transnational crime will impact the twenty-first century
much in the same way that earlier technological developments changed the
face of crime in the twentieth century. Includes trafficking in human
beings, intellectual property theft, commercial sexual exploitation of
children, law enforcement response to transnational crime and terrorism, how
we understand different cultures and account for divergent perspectives on
social problems.
HV6252 .T69 2005
Transnational Crime
and Regional Security in the Asia Pacific.
Carolina G. Hernandez and Gina R.
Pattugalan.
Quezon City, Philippines : ISDS, 1999.
315p.
The
end of the Cold War and the rapid pace of globalization have unleashed
unpredictable changes in global and regional politics.
These new threats include various types of transnational organized crime, such
as drug trafficking, proliferation of small arms, money laundering, cyber and
technology crimes, corruption, illegal migration and smuggling of humans and
political terrorism. Not only have these increased in frequency but they also
have become more multi-faceted and complex in nature, more lethal in tactics,
and more difficult to combat.
HV6252 1999
Transnational Organized Crime
and International Security: Business as Usual?
Mats Berdal and Monica Serrano.
Boulder, CO : Lynne Rienner, 2002.
243p.
Rapid
growth and global reach appear to have given transnational
organized crime
an unprecedented capacity to challenge states.
Part 1 focuses on the growth over the past quarter century. Part 2 explores
the policy response of the United Nations, the European Union, and the
Organization of American States (OAS) to the rise and growing sophistication
of transnational organized crime. Part 3 considers regional trends and
developments in transnational
organized crime, and covers cases ranging from the more familiar
drug-trafficking industry of Latin America to the increasingly dominant role
of Hong Kong and Chinese triads in the international criminal underworld.
HV6252 .T734 2002
Understanding Global Slavery : A Reader.
Kevin Bales.
Berkeley and Los Angeles : University of California Press, 2005.
212p.
Although
slavery is illegal throughout the world, we learn from Kevin Bales' highly
praised expose, that more than twenty-seven million people - in countries
from Pakistan to Thailand to the United States - are still trapped in
bondage. With this new volume, Bales looks beyond the specific instances of
slavery described in his last book (Disposable People) to explore broader
themes about slavery's causes, its continuation, and how it might be ended.
Written to raise awareness and deepen understanding, and touching again on
individual lives around the world, this book tackles head-on one of the most
urgent and difficult problems facing us today.
HT867 .B38 2005
Woman, Child for Sale: the New Slave Trade in the 21st
Century.
Gilbert King.
NY : Chamberlain Bros., 2004.
232p.
Every year,
there are more than 4 million victims of human trafficking around the world,
from forced prostitution and pornography, to sweatshop and migrant labor.
Some estimates put the figure at 50,000 human slaves living in the United
States, through fraud, coercion and outright kidnapping. Today's slave trade
is estimated to generate more than $7 billion in annual revenues--all of it
"exploitation of the most innocent and vulnerable," according to President
George Bush. This book examines the horrors of the black market operations
that kidnap and purchase women and children and move them across borders,
erasing their identities and forcing them into a ruinous life of slavery.
Details the explosive and heartbreaking stories behind the nameless,
statistical nightmare that is human slavery in the 21st century.
HQ281 .K56 2004