HUMAN TRAFFICKING

CONTENTS:

 

Internet Resources:


Anti-Slavery International. Founded in 1839, it is the world's oldest international human rights organization and the only charity in the United Kingdom to work exclusively against slavery and related abuses. They work at local, national and international levels to eliminate the system of slavery around the world.
For full text documents see "Resources" at: http://www.antislavery.org/homepage/resources/PDF/PDFtraffic.htm#nexus
Available at: http://www.antislavery.org/#

Criminal Justice Resources. Human Trafficking. Maintained by the Michigan State University Libraries.
Available at: http://www.lib.msu.edu/harris23/crimjust/human.htm

GlobalRights.org : Partners for Justice Online. Human Trafficking. A human rights advocacy group that partners with local activists to challenge injustice and amplify new voices within the global discourse. With offices in countries around the world, they help local activists create just societies through proven strategies for effecting change.
Available at: http://www.globalrights.org/site/PageServer?pagename=wwd_index_49
Resources and Contacts on Human Trafficking. Available at: http://www.globalrights.org/site/DocServer?docID=643

Human Rights Watch. Women's Rights. Human Rights Watch is the largest human rights organization based in the United States. Conducts fact-finding investigations into human rights abuses in all regions of the world. Human Rights Watch then publishes those findings in dozens of books and reports every year, generating extensive coverage in local and international media. In moments of crisis, Human Rights Watch provides up-to-the-minute information about conflicts while they are underway. 
Available at:
http://hrw.org/doc/?t=women_trafficking

HumanTrafficking.Com. Maintained by the Polaris Project staff and Grassroots Network, a diverse team of committed volunteers around the world who are contributing to end trafficking in persons.
Available at: http://www.humantrafficking.com/humantrafficking/

HumanTrafficking.org. The purpose of this Web site is to bring Government and NGOs in the East Asia and Pacific region together to cooperate and learn from each other’s experiences in their efforts to combat human trafficking. This Web site has country-specific information such as national laws and action plans and contact information on useful governmental agencies. It also has a description of NGO activities in different countries and their contact information. This Web site is supported by the U.S. Department of State.
Available at: http://www.humantrafficking.org/

Initiative Against Sexual Trafficking.  The Initiative Against Sexual Trafficking (IAST) is a distinctive partnership of organizations (spearheaded by The Salvation Army National Headquarters) united in their desire to abolish the sexual trafficking of women and children -- one of the largest and most destructive routes into slavery in the world today.
Available at:
http://www.iast.net/

International Labour Organization. Project to Combat Trafficking in Children and Women. Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. Across South-East Asia millions of people are on the move. For most it is a positive and rewarding experience. However, sub-regional trends toward uninformed and ill-prepared migration have created a dangerous vacuum in which human traffickers are able to exploit migrants, especially children and women. Adult migration, and how to regulate it to the advantage of both the migrants and the sending and receiving countries, is becoming an urgent priority for many ILO member states. Preventing the trafficking and labor exploitation of children and young people is an obligation of ILO members which have ratified Convention 182 on the Worst Forms of Child Labor.
Available at:
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/region/asro/bangkok/child/trafficking/

International Organization for Migration.  The human rights of migrants deserve greater attention. Trafficked migrants are routinely exploited, mistreated or even killed. Migrant workers often find themselves without protection or recourse, either from their own governments or in the country where they are working. IOM is dedicated to assisting migrants in distress. Counter-Trafficking Return and Reintegration project: http://www.iom.int/en/what/counter_human_trafficking.shtml
Available at:
http://www.iom.int/

Interpol. Children and Human Trafficking. The main aim of Interpol is to promote the widest possible mutual assistance between all criminal police authorities. It provides a structured platform for raising awareness, building competence and identifying best practices within law enforcement worldwide. It is a forum for exchanging information on current trends and investigations. Trafficking in human beings is considered one of the top priorities at Interpol. 
Available at: http://www.interpol.int/Public/THB/default.asp

Polaris Project. Combating Human Trafficking and Modern-day Slavery. Polaris Project is a multicultural grassroots organization combating human trafficking and modern-day slavery. Based in the United States and Japan, it provides victim services, conducts advocacy, and supports the anti-trafficking movement.
Available at: http://www.polarisproject.org/polarisproject/

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Trafficking in Human Beings. The "Global Program against Trafficking in Human Beings" (GPAT) was designed by the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) in collaboration with the UN Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) and launched in March 1999. GPAT assists Member States in their efforts to combat trafficking in human beings. It highlights the involvement of organized criminal groups in human trafficking and promotes the development of effective ways of cracking down on perpetrators.
Available at: http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/trafficking_human_beings.html

U.S. Department of State. Human Trafficking.
Available at: http://usinfo.state.gov/gi/global_issues/human_trafficking.html
Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons. Available at: http://www.state.gov/g/tip/

2005 Trafficking in Persons Report
Available at: http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2005/

2005 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices. Available at: http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/index.htm

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. The Campaign to Rescue & Restore Victims of Human Trafficking.
Available at: http://www.acf.hhs.gov/trafficking/ 

U.S. Department of Justice. Trafficking in Persons Information.
Available at:
http://www.usdoj.gov/whatwedo/whatwedo_ctip.html

Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000: Trafficking in Persons Report 2007
U.S. State Dept.
Available at: http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2007/

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Books:


Combating Transnational Crime : Concepts, Activities and Responses.
Phil Williams and Dimitri Vlassis. Portland, OR : Frank Cass, 2001.
390p. "Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation of Women and Children" p.237.
The rise of transnational organized crime in the last decades of the twentieth century was as unexpected as the end of the Cold War. This emergence is both a symptom and a result of changes in international relations. It is also a development that will exacerbate the difficulties of managing globalization. The first part explores the nature and meaning of transnational organized crime, its operations in illegal markets, and its organization. The second part offers a few case studies of specific criminal activity, such as maritime fraud and trafficking in women and children. The third part focuses on political, judicial and law enforcement responses. 

H
V6252 .C65 2001  

The Culture of Violence.
Kumar Rupesinghe and Marcial Rubio C. Tokyo ; New York : United Nations University Press, c1994.
292p.
This volume examines the relationship between culture and violence, an aspect of the phenomenon heretofore neglected but of growing interest and importance. Taking as their point of departure violence between groups within a state, or between the state and groups residing within it, the contributions seek to identify and analyze the possible links between culture and violence. Theoretical arguments are balanced with specific case-studies - Sri Lanka, Colombia, Bolivia, Uganda, Venezuela, the US, Brazil, and Chile. The discussions range from considerations of forms of violence, the root factors of violence, the use of ethnic myth in power and violence, and state terrorism, to gender and class factors, violence against children, drug-related violence, and human rights.

HM281 .C89 1994
 

Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy.
Kevin Bales.
Berkeley : University of California Press, c2004. 298p. 
Slavery is illegal throughout the world, yet more than twenty-seven million people are still trapped in one of history's oldest social institutions. Investigates conditions in Thailand, Mauritania, Brazil, Pakistan, India, and parts of America and Europe and reveals the nature of the new slavery and how it has adapted to the global economy. People are taken by force and held against their wills through fear. Bales interviews actual slaves, slaveholders, and public officials to reveal the lives of slaves, including enslaved brickmakers in Pakistan, sex slaves in Thailand, and domestic slaves in France. He uncovers the economic and social forces that sustain slavery, from the corruption of local governments to the complicity of multinational corporations. He pinpoints just who benefits from the incredible profits of the new slavery. And he shows how the lives of these slaves are bound by our own through our purchase of slave-made products or mutual funds that invest in companies using slave labor. In his conclusion, Bales offers suggestions for how individuals and governments can combat slavery and describes successful antislavery actions by international and local organizations. 
HT867 .B35 2004

East Asia Imperilled : Transnational Challenges to Security. 
Alan Dupont.  Cambridge, U.K. : Cambridge University Press, 2001. 336p.
Dupont argues that an emerging new class of non-military threats has the potential to destabilize East Asia and reverse decades of hard-won economic and social development. Transnational threats stem from overpopulation, deforestation and pollution, global warming, unregulated population movements, transnational crime and virulent new strains of infectious diseases. 

GE160 .E18 D86 2001

Global Human Smuggling : Comparative Perspectives.
David Kyle and Rey Koslowski. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001. 374p.
During the past decades, human smuggling across national borders grew from a  low-level border crossing activity in a handful of countries to a diverse multibillion dollar business spanning the entire globe. But how well do we understand it? This volume explores the global dimensions of human smuggling in several forms and regions, examining its deep social, economic and cultural roots and its broad political consequences. Part 1 discusses the sociohistorical context and contemporary diversity of human smuggling of migrants, asylum-seekers, and those tricked into slavery. Part 2 presents high profile case studies. Part 3 looks closely at the legal construction of victimized women trafficked into slavery; social construction of smuggled immigrants; and the sanctioning of unauthorized employment of illegal immigrants.

JV6201 .G56 2001

Globalization and Non-Traditional Security Issues: a Study of Human and Drug Trafficking in East Asia.   
Ralf Emmers. IDSS working paper. No. 62  Singapore : Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, Nanyang Technological University, the Republic of Singapore, 1998- March 2004. 26p.
This paper focuses on illicit drug and human trafficking in China and Southeast Asian countries and examines these categories of transnational crime in the context of a globalizing world. It argues that that the protection of the state and human security against drug and people trafficking will increasingly require effective transnational cooperation and some surrendering of state sovereignty.
 
UA832.8 .I21 2004 NO.62

Human Smuggling : Chinese Migrant Trafficking and the Challenge to America's Immigration Tradition.
Paul J. Smith.
Washington, D.C. : Center for Strategic & International Studies, 1997. 207p. 
Chinese migrant trafficking into the U.S. persists. This illegal immigration is organized by highly effective alien smuggling organizations using routes involving more than 30 countries and earning hundreds of millions of dollars. The authors examine the roots and logistics of this growth industry as w
ell as the "push" and "pull" factors - such as unemployment and population pressures - that are fueling the Chinese exodus to the land known as the "Beautiful Country." 
E184 .C5 H86 1997

Human Traffic and Transnational Crime : Eurasian and American Perspectives.
Sally Stoecker and Louise Shelley. Lanham : Rowman & Littlefield, c2005. 161p.
Human Trafficking is a growing transnational criminal phenomenon-conservative estimates put the total number of persons trafficked globally at two million per year. In "Human Traffic and Transnational Crime", criminologists, sociologists, and demographers from European, Siberian, and far-eastern parts of Russia offer the first in-depth, scholarly study of human trafficking in Russia and Ukraine, their groundbreaking work defines the motivations behind and reactions to this horrifying trend.
HQ281 .H86 2004

Human Traffic : Sex, Slaves and Immigration.
Craig McGill. London : Vision, 2003. 216p.
People smuggling is now a more lucrative illicit industry than drug smuggling. There are more than five million illegal aliens residing in the U.S. alone. They mostly come from Mexico, the Philippines, India, Vietnam and China. But how did they get into the country? And who helped them? Through powerful interviews, the reader learns what it is like to be an illegal immigrant -- the difficulties that the lack of an official identity can bring, the strain of a secret existence and, in all too many cases, the devastation of being sold into sexual and economic slavery. This book will appeal to anyone with an interest in immigration matters, as it looks at the issue on a truly global level. With chapters on North America, Europe, Australasia and the Far East, as well as first-person accounts from the smugglers and the smuggled, this book is a timely insight into a growing North American problem.
HQ281 .M34 2003

Illicit Flows and Criminal Things: States, Borders and the Other Side of Globalization.
Willem van Schendel and Itty Abraham.
Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2005. 266p. 
Offers a new perspective on illegal transnational linkages, international relations, and the transnational. The contributors argue for a nuanced approach that recognizes the difference between "organized" crime and the thousands of illicit acts that take place across national borders every day. They distinguish between the illegal (prohibited by law) and the illicit (socially perceived as unacceptable), which are historically changeable and contested. Detailed case studies of arms smuggling, illegal transnational migration, the global diamond trade, borderland practices, and the transnational consumption of drugs take us to Asia, Africa, Latin America, Europe, and North America. They allow us to understand how states, borders, and the language of law enforcement produce criminality, and how people and goods which are labeled "illegal" move across regulatory spaces.
HV6252 .I448 2005

Illicit: How Smugglers, Traffickers and Copycats are Hijacking the Global Economy.
Moises Naim.
New York : Doubleday, 2005. 340p. 
Naim provides a detailed tour of the major globalized criminal activities: drug production and distribution, illegal arms dealing, human trafficking, counterfeiting, money laundering and so on and introduces a host of criminal networks that profit from them. Naim creates a picture of illicit trade which demonstrates that, far from taking place in a shadowy underworld, such activity is inextricably linked to legitimate commerce and directly affects all of us. In Naim's view, globalization's "diffusion of power to individuals and groups" and away from sovereign states has created a "smuggler's nirvana," in which the lines between legitimate and illegitimate economic activity are blurred and criminal networks possess an unprecedented degree of political influence. Making matters worse, the widening gap between global haves and have-nots what Naim calls "geopolitical bright spots and black holes" has increased the incentive for individuals and groups on both sides of the divide to participate in illicit activities.
HV6252 .N35 2005

Illicit Trafficking: A Reference Handbook.
Robert J. Kelly, et al.
Santa Barbara, Calif. : ABC-CLIO, c2005. 260p. 
Offers an easy-to-grasp overview of this growing modern problem. Defines key terms and concepts. Offers a brief history. What are the roles of organized crime and transnational crime in illicit trafficking? Does immigration foster illicit trafficking? What is the relationship of the volume of illicit trafficking to globalization? What is the relationship of the growth of global finance to illicit trafficking? How do worldwide communication technologies affect illicit trafficking? What are the defining characteristics of transnational crime groups? What are the relationships among governments, social structure, and organized crime? Do ethnic conflicts and state dissolution facilitate illicit trafficking? Do political instability and military conflict contribute to criminal activities? What are the trends among transnational crime groups? Can law enforcement operate effectively in a global environment? How are transnational organized crime and illicit trafficking related?
HV6252 .K45 2005

Innocent women and children : gender, norms and the protection of civilians.
Charli R.Carpenter. Aldershot, England ; Burlington, VT : Ashgate, c2006. 217p.
This study examines the influence of gender constructs on the international regime protecting war-affected civilians.
KZ6515 .C37 2006

Managing the Flow of Migration : Regional Approaches.
Kritaya Archavanitkul and Philip Guest.
Nakhon Pathom, Thailand : Institute for Population and Social Research (IPSR), 1999. 36p. 
Governments have come to the realization that it is not possible to address economic, social and political issues solely within national frameworks. The causes and effects of many pressing national issues derive from relationships between countries. It is now recognized that regional collaboration and planning is required to fully address a whole range of problems. One area of great concern is undocumented migration.

JV8490 .K75 1999

The Natashas: Inside the New Global Sex Trade.
Victor Malarek. New York : Arcade : distributed by Time Warner Book Group, 2004.  303p. 
According to the U.S. State Department, at least 800,000-900,000 impoverished young women, many of them orphans, from Eastern and Central Europe, are lured with promises of jobs as waitresses, nannies or maids in Western Europe or North America. Instead, they find themselves imprisoned in apartments, massage parlors or brothels in countries ranging from South Korea, Bosnia and Japan to Israel and Germany. With "ruthless efficiency," in the words of one European official, Russian and other organized crime syndicates control this human trade, which offers high profits with little risk of interference thanks to "complacency, complicity, and corruption" on the part of national governments and law enforcement.
HQ117 .M26 2004

The Queen's Slave Trade: John Hawkyns, Elizabeth I, and the Trafficking in Human Souls.
Nick Hazlewood.
New York : William Morrow, c2004. 416p. 
In the 17th and 18th centuries, England became the greatest slave trading nation in the world. This impressively researched and disturbing biography tells the story of John Hawkyns, an Elizabethan privateer and the queen's personal slave trader, exploring his life and chronicling the rise of the English slave trade. Hawkyns conducted profitable but brutal slave trading expeditions, capturing his victims on the west coast of Africa and selling them illegally in Spanish ports in the Americas.
DA86.22 .H3 H39 2004

Refugees and Forced Displacement : International Security, Human Vulnerability, and the State.
Edward Newman and Joanne van Selm.
New York : United Nations University Press, 2003. 391p. Chapter 9: "Reconciling Control and Compassion? Human Smuggling and the Right to Asylum." (by) Khalid Koser.
Human displacement can be both a cause and a consequence of conflict within and among societies. As such, the management of refugee movements and the protection of displaced people should be an integral part of security policy and conflict management. Refugees and forcibly displaced people can also represent the starkest example of a tension between "human security" and "national security". The authors apply this theme to a number of pressing problems covering international law, internally displaced persons, early warning of refugee flows, asylum, the actors and institutions involved in refugee protection, the return and reintegration of displaced people, gender and displacement, and ethical perspectives. The book demonstrates how many of the challenges of refugees, and the challenges posed by societies and governments to refugee protection, have been exacerbated by the terrorist attacks of September 2001.

JV6346 .R4 R45 2003

Trafficking and the Global Sex Industry.
Karen Beeks and Delila Amir.
Lanham, MD : Lexington Books, c2006.  239p. 
Focuses on the international trafficking of women and children for forced labor and prostitution. The essays create a link from country to country, demonstrating the worldwide nature of the problem. Expertly written and well researched, this collection gives the reader a clearer understanding of the problem of human trafficking and the actions being taken to combat it.
HQ281 .T64 2006

Transnational Crime.
Jay Albanese.
Whitby, ON : de Sitter Publications, c2005. 188p. 
Transnational crime will impact the twenty-first century much in the same way that earlier technological developments changed the face of crime in the twentieth century. Includes trafficking in human beings, intellectual property theft, commercial sexual exploitation of children, law enforcement response to transnational crime and terrorism, how we understand different cultures and account for divergent perspectives on social problems.
HV6252 .T69 2005

Transnational Crime and Regional Security in the Asia Pacific.
Carolina G. Hernandez and Gina R. Pattugalan.
Quezon City, Philippines : ISDS, 1999. 315p. 
The end of the Cold War and the rapid pace of globalization have unleashed unpredictable changes in global and regional politics. These new threats include various types of transnational organized crime, such as drug trafficking, proliferation of small arms, money laundering, cyber and technology crimes, corruption, illegal migration and smuggling of humans and political terrorism. Not only have these increased in frequency but they also have become more multi-faceted and complex in nature, more lethal in tactics, and more difficult to combat.
HV6252 1999

Transnational Organized Crime and International Security: Business as Usual?
Mats Berdal and Monica Serrano. Boulder, CO : Lynne Rienner, 2002.
243p. 
Rapid growth and global reach appear to have given transnational organized crime an unprecedented capacity to challenge states.  Part 1 focuses on the growth over the past quarter century. Part 2 explores the policy response of the United Nations, the European Union, and the Organization of American States (OAS) to the rise and growing sophistication of transnational organized crime. Part 3 considers regional trends and developments in transnational organized crime, and covers cases ranging from the more familiar drug-trafficking industry of Latin America to the increasingly dominant role of Hong Kong and Chinese triads in the international criminal underworld.
HV6252 .T734 2002

Understanding Global Slavery : A Reader.
Kevin Bales. Berkeley and Los Angeles : University of California Press, 2005.
212p. 
Although slavery is illegal throughout the world, we learn from Kevin Bales' highly praised expose, that more than twenty-seven million people - in countries from Pakistan to Thailand to the United States - are still trapped in bondage. With this new volume, Bales looks beyond the specific instances of slavery described in his last book (Disposable People) to explore broader themes about slavery's causes, its continuation, and how it might be ended. Written to raise awareness and deepen understanding, and touching again on individual lives around the world, this book tackles head-on one of the most urgent and difficult problems facing us today.
HT867 .B38 2005

Woman, Child for Sale: the New Slave Trade in the 21st Century.
Gilbert King. NY : Chamberlain Bros., 2004.
232p. 
Every year, there are more than 4 million victims of human trafficking around the world, from forced prostitution and pornography, to sweatshop and migrant labor. Some estimates put the figure at 50,000 human slaves living in the United States, through fraud, coercion and outright kidnapping. Today's slave trade is estimated to generate more than $7 billion in annual revenues--all of it "exploitation of the most innocent and vulnerable," according to President George Bush. This book examines the horrors of the black market operations that kidnap and purchase women and children and move them across borders, erasing their identities and forcing them into a ruinous life of slavery. Details the explosive and heartbreaking stories behind the nameless, statistical nightmare that is human slavery in the 21st century.
HQ281 .K56 2004

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Periodicals


U.S. Department of State. Electronic Journals.
The electronic resources listed on this page often feature articles on foreign policy issues, including conflict resolution and peacekeeping. See: "Ending Abusive Child Labor" (May 2005); "Responses to Human Trafficking" (June 2003).
Available at: http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/journals.htm 

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Related Bibliographies:


Drug Trafficking.  Focuses on the current issues involving trafficking in drugs.

Transnational Crime.  Focuses on issues involving transnational crime.

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Updated: 12 June 2007