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Internet Resources
Books
Audiovisual Materials
Organizations
APAN
: Asia-Pacific Area Network. Piracy
information. Available at:
http://www.apan-info.net/maritime/key_piracy_view.asp
Cargo
Security International.
Piracy updates.
Available at: http://www.cargosecurityinternational.com/
Federation
of American Scientists.
For
articles search
under "Modern Day Piracy". Available at: http://www.fas.org/main/search.jsp
ICC
Commercial Crime Services. Includes links to:
International Maritime
Bureau;
IMB Piracy
Reporting Centre; and the "
Weekly Piracy Report". Available at: http://www.iccwbo.org/
; click on "ICC Commercial Crimes Services" button.
International
Maritime Organization (IMO).
Select
"Newsroom" tab; select "Hot topics"; select "Maritime
Security"; select "Piracy and Armed Robbery Against Ships". Available at:
http://www.imo.org/home.asp
Interpol.
Interpol's
involvement in the fight against international terrorism.
Includes maritime piracy. Available at:
http://www.interpol.com/Public/Terrorism/
ONI
WorldWide Threat to Shipping.
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. Maritime Safety Information.
Reports by date of maritime warnings. Available at:
http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/onit/onit_j_main.html http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/index/index.html
Overseas Security Advisory Council
Weekly and monthly reports on international maritime piracy. links to
organizations involved in maritime security.
Regional
Maritime Security Initiative
The goal of RMSI is to develop a partnership of willing regional nations with
varying capabilities and capacities to identify, monitor, and intercept
transnational maritime threats under existing international and domestic laws.
Institute for the Analysis of Global Security
Overview and links to articles of interest
World Oil Transit Chokepoints
Location, volume of oil and major security concerns
Documents and Publications
ARF
Statements on Cooperation Against Piracy and Other Threats to Security.
17
June 2003. Association of Southeast Asian Nations.
Available at: http://www.aseansec.org/14837.htm
CIAO:
Columbia International Affairs Online/Working Papers.
Search
for "Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation", click on
"Sea Lines of Communications (SLOC) Security and Access", Michael
Stankiewicz; February 1998. Available at:
http://www.ciaonet.org/frame/wpsfrm.html
A
Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower
October 2007. U.S. Navy Strategy Pamphlet
Economics and Maritime Strategy: Implication for the 21st Century
Paper No.2. A Workshop Sponsored by the William B.
Ruger Chair of National Security Economics
Naval War College, Newport, Rhode Island 6-8 November 2006
Globalization
and Maritime Power.
Sam
J. Tangredi. Washington, D.C.: National Defense University, 2002. Available at:
http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/websites/nduedu/www.ndu.edu/inss/books/Books_2002/Globalization_and_Maritime_Power_Dec_02/01_toc.htmhttp://www.fas.org/main/search.jsp
Maritime
Insecurities
Mark J. Valencia, Taiwan Review, Jan. 2007
China's influence on maritime security in SEA
Maritime
Order and Piracy.
Vijay Sakhuja.
Strategic Analysis; August 2000. Piracy
information. Available at: http://www.ciaonet.org/olj/sa/sa_aug00sav01.html
Maritime
Piracy.
Available at:
http://www.geocities.com/cdelegas/index.html
Maritime
Piracy : Sign of a Security Threat?
Charles J. Reinhardt. Piracy
information. Available at:
http://www.mercermc.com/Perspectives/Specialty/MOT_pdfs/MaritimePiracy.pdf
Maritime Security in South West Asia
Adm. Mihir Roy, Society for Indian Ocean Studies
Indian Ocean and Indo-Japan relations. (See pg. 11-12)
M aritime
terrorism: a new challenge for NATO
Institute for the Analysis of Global Security Jan. 2005
Challenges of Maritime piracy and smuggling, human and drug trafficking,
transnational crime.
Modern
Day Piracy.
Available at:
http://home.wanadoo.nl/m.bruyneel/archive/modern/index.htm
An
Overview of Current Concerns in Piracy Studies and New Directions for
Research.
Derek Johnson and Erika Pladdet.
August 1, 2003. Amsterdam.
Centre
for Maritime Research (MARE). Gives an overview of current concerns in piracy
studies and suggests new directions for research. Available at:
http://www.marecentre.nl/people_and_the_sea_2/documents/piracy.pdf
Piracy and
Terrorism are Joining Forces and Creating Troubled Waters for the Maritime
Industry.
Ali M. Koknar.
Security
Management Online. Piracy
information. Available at: http://www.securitymanagement.com/library/001617.html
Piracy
Guidance and Reports.
Marisec
: Maritime International Secretariat Services Limited. Attacks on
vessels in various parts of the world are a real and growing problem. Recent
years have seen a steady rise in the number and severity of incidents of
piracy and armed robbery against ships, posing an increasing danger to the
world's shipping and to international trade. The
following guidance has been produced as an aid for masters whose ships may be
liable to attack, and to assist shipping companies in drawing up their own,
more detailed, security measures. Available at: http://www.marisec.org/piracy/index.htm
Piracy in Asia: A Growing
Barrier to Maritime Trade.
Dana R.
Dillon. The
Heritage Foundation. Policy Research & Analysis, 22 June 2000. Available at: http://www.heritage.org/Research/AsiaandthePacific/BG1379.cfm
Piracy in Southeast Asia: A
Historical Comparison.
Ger
Teitler. MAST 2002, Volume 1, No. 1. Centre for Maritime Research (MARE). Available at:
http://www.marecentre.nl/mast/documents/GerTeitler.pdf
Piracy in
Southeast Asia: New Trends, Issues and Responses
Catherine Zara Raymond, Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies
Singapore, October 2005.
Policy Memo: Envisioning a Future Multilateral
Security Mechanism for Northeast Asia: What’s at Stake for the US?
Stanley Foundation. Feb. 12, 2008
As part of its broader
multiyear effort to explore the contours of Asian institution
building, the Stanley Foundation, in collaboration with the
Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation (IGCC), convened a
workshop on February 12, 2008, to explore the way forward for a
future multilateral security and peace mechanism in Northeast Asia
and the near, medium and long-term implications for the United
States.
Rand: Africa Suffers Wave of Maritime Violence. Peter Chalk.
While
more than half of maritime piracy occurs in Southeast Asia, there are growing
fears that Africa is becoming the new hotspot for such attacks. This opinion
article appeared in Jane's Intelligence Review on April 1, 2001.
Available at:
http://www.rand.org/commentary/040101JIR.html
Resource Issues and Ocean Governance
in Asia Pacific: An Indonesian Perspective
Dewi Fortuna Anwar, Contemporary Southeast Asia, 2006
Excerpt: Many inter-state disputes are maritime in nature, both due
to the many still unsettled maritime boundaries as a consequence of
the enactment of UNCLOS, and the tendency towards a free-for-all
exploitation of maritime resources with little regard for
territorial jurisdictions. Mutual suspicions have prevented
countries in the Asia Pacific from developing region-wide and
over-arching security organizations, even at the sub-regional level.
The journal Contemporary Southeast Asia is available in
the APCSS Library.
The article may also be accessed via the Proquest database
by logging on to Online Library Databases via the
Library
homepage
Safeguarding the Malacca Straits
Cdr. Gurpreet S Khurana, Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses Jan.
2005
Possible role of India in Maritime Security
The Security of Sea Lanes in Southeast Asia
Asian Survey, Vol.46, Issue 4, pp.558-574 (July/August 2006)
Available at: http://caliber.ucpress.net/doi/abs/10.1525/as.2006.46.4.558
Security in Marine Transport: Risk Factors and Economic Impact
Maritime Transport Committee, July 2003
Economic costs of maritime piracy. Risk factors and strategically sensitive
locations.
SLOC
Security in the Asia Pacific.
Ji
Guoxing.
Honolulu,
HI.: Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies. Center Occasional Paper, 2000.
Available at:
http://www.apcss.org/Publications/Ocasional%20Papers/OPSloc.htm
Southeast Asia’s Maritime
Security Dilemma: State or Market?
Carolin Liss, Japan Focus
Overview of EEZ, Piracy statistics, Private Security Companies in Southeast Asia.
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ASIA LOOKS SEAWARD : POWER AND MARITIME STRATEGY
Toshi
Yoshihara 2008
Asian waters promise to be a new geostrategic locus of international
politics in the coming years. This assertion may seem somewhat
jarring or even bizarre to the casual observer of world affairs.
After all, successive Asian powers, including China, Japan, and
Russia, repeatedly tried and failed to dominate their nautical
environment militarily over the past century. Not an Asian great
power but Europe’s unsurpassed naval power preserved maritime order
in the region during the imperial heyday of the nineteenth century.
The U.S. Navy succeeded to this role in the Pacific following World
War II. Unsurprisingly, then, Asia’s abrupt turn to the seas over
the past decade has elicited little to no attention from most
observers and has been viewed with indifference by many who have
taken note. This oversight, however understandable, could cost
nations with a stake in the Asian order dearly as the international
system undergoes a barely perceptible but momentous maritime shift.
E-Book. May be viewed in PSI (Praeger Security International)
at Online Library Databases from the Library webpage.
The Best of Times, the Worst of Times : Maritime Security in the
Asia-Pacific.
Phil Joshua Ho and Catherine Z. Raymond.
Singapore: World Scientific: Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies,
c2005.
294p.
Brings together in a single volume
international experts renowned in their specializations to discuss issues
and current trends relating to maritime security. It looks at the issue of
maritime security in the Asia-Pacific through a three step approach. First
it surveys both the global maritime outlook and the outlook in each of the
regions of Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, and South Asia. From these
regional perspectives, trends in commercial shipping and force
modernization, and issues like the weapons proliferation and maritime
terrorism are discussed. After looking at the maritime environment, the
specific challenges that the maritime community faces are examined. These
challenges include maritime boundary and territorial disputes in the South
China Sea, the force modernization of three Northeast Asian navies, and the
spectre of maritime terrorism. The volume concludes by looking at some new
initiatives for maritime cooperation, a survey of maritime "regime"
building, and the legal and political implications of the proliferation
security initiative.
JZ1980 .B4 2005
Combating
Transnational Crime : Concepts, Activities and Responses.
Phil Williams and Dimitri Vlassis. Portland, OR : Frank Cass, 2001. 390p.
"Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation of Women and Children" p.237.
The rise of transnational organized crime in the last decades of the twentieth
century was as unexpected as the end of the Cold War. This emergence is both a
symptom and a result of changes in international relations. It is also a
development that will exacerbate the difficulties of managing globalization. The
first part explores the nature and meaning of transnational organized crime, its
operations in illegal markets, and its organization. The second part offers a
few case studies of specific criminal activity, such as maritime fraud and
trafficking in women and children. The third part focuses on political, judicial
and law enforcement responses.
HV6252
.C65
2001
Contemporary piracy and maritime terrorism : the threat to
international security
Murphy, Martin N.
Do piracy and maritime terrorism, individually
or together, present a threat to international security, and what
relationship if any exists between them? Piracy may be a marginal
problem in itself, but the connections between organised piracy and
wider criminal networks and corruption on land make it an element of
a phenomenon that can have a weakening effect on states and a
destabilising one on the regions in which it is found. Furthermore,
it is also an aspect of a broader problem of disorder at sea that,
exacerbated by the increasing pressure on littoral waters from
growing numbers of people and organisations seeking to exploit
maritime resources, encourages maritime criminality and gives
insurgents and terrorists the freedom to operate.
U162.A3 Adelphi Paper No.388 2007
Contemporary maritime piracy in southeast Asia :
history, causes and remedies.
Young, Adam J.
This book explores contemporary
maritime piracy in Southeast Asia, demonstrating the utility of using
historical context in developing policy approaches that will address the
roots of this resurgent phenomenon. The depth and breadth of historical
piracy help highlight causative factors of contemporary piracy, which are
immersed in the socio-cultural matrix of maritime-oriented peoples to whom
piracy is still a "thinkable" option. The threats to life and property posed
by piracy are relatively low, but significant given the strategic nature of
these waterways that link the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and because piracy
is emblematic of broader issues of weak state control in the littoral states
of the region. Maritime piracy will never be completely eliminated, but with
a progressive economic and political agenda aimed at changing the
environment from which piracy is emerging, it could once again become the
exception rather than the rule.
G535 .Y686 2007
Dangerous Waters : Modern Piracy and Terror on the High Seas.
John
S.
Burnett.
New
York: Dutton, 2002.
346p.
Maritime piracy, once confined to the history books and long romanticized by
storytellers and would-be adventurous youth, experienced a surprisingly rapid
resurgence in the last decade. Shipping routes around Southeast Asia, the
Middle East, and Africa have seen frequent pirate attacks. Today's pirates
have advantages their predecessors never dreamed of, such as modern weapons,
radar, and tangles of red tape complicating law enforcement in international
waters.
Unlike
the romantic images from yesteryear of Captain Hook, Long John Silver, and
Blackbeard, modern pirates can be local seamen looking for a quick score, highly
trained guerrillas, rogue military units, or former seafarers recruited by
sophisticated crime organizations.
G535 .B87 2003
The evolving maritime balance of power in the
Asia-Pacific : maritime doctrines and nuclear weapons at sea
Prabhakar, Lawrence W.
The
Asia-Pacific region has emerged as the hub of global geo-political, geo-economic
and geo-strategic significance in the post-Cold War period. The rise of China
and the resurgence of India will be the hallmark for the next 50 years. How this
surge in power is accommodated by the incumbent powers like the United States
and Japan, and how the new regional powers like China and India manage the power
politics that emerge will be the key determinants of regional stability. This
volume examines the national maritime doctrines as well as the nuclear weapons
developments at sea of the four major powers in the Asia-Pacific, namely, China,
India, Japan and the United States, to see if the evolving dynamic is a
cooperative or a competitive one. In particular, the volume looks at the
evolving paradigms of maritime transformation in strategy and technology; the
emergent new maritime doctrines and evolving force postures in the naval orders
of battle; the role and operations of nuclear navies in the Asia-Pacific; and
the implications and impact of nuclear weapons, ballistic missiles and sea-based
missile defence responses in the region
Read inside the book at: http://www.worldscibooks.com/eastasianstudies/6128.html
VA620 .E86 2006
Grey-Area
Phenomena in Southeast Asia : Piracy, Drug Trafficking and Political Terrorism.
Peter
Chalk.
Canberrra,
Australia : Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Australian National
University, 1997.
117p.
This
study examines three specific areas of concern in Southeast Asia: maritime
piracy; drug production and trafficking (with a primary emphasis on the Golden
Triangle region of Laos, Burma and Thailand); and political terrorism. Though
these threats are not new to the region, all three issues have taken on greater
prominence in recent years. Also, the mechanisms for addressing these threats
are not well developed, and there is a need for greater relevance in national
security calculations in many Southeast Asian states.
UA830 .C5244 1997
IDSS
Working Papers.
No. 74: Maritime Terrorism in Southeast Asia / Catherine Zara Raymond -- March
2005.
No.
75: Southeast Asian Maritime Security in the Age of Terror / John Bradford --
April 2005. No.
81: The Security of Regional Sea Lanes / Joshua Ho --June 2005. No.
89: Piracy in Southeast Asia: New Trends and Responses / Catherine Zara Raymond
-- October 2005
UA832.8 .I21
In
Search of Pirates.
Robert
Stuart.
Edinburgh
and London: Mainstream Publishing, 2002.
222p.
"In Search of Pirates" reveals the shocking truth about the scourge
of present-day piracy. Intrigued by the dramatic rise in attacks on ships in
the South China Sea, Robert Stuart began to search for the story behind the
statistics. He would eventually track down some of the most ruthless and
dangerous criminals in South-east Asia. In the narrow straits of Malacca and
Singapore, which are host to one-third of the world's commercial shipping,
there may be hundreds of ships at any one time. To the poverty-stricken
inhabitants of the coastal villages -- and the anonymous bosses in South-east
Asia who coordinate the pirate gangs -- this conveyor-belt of glittering
prizes often proves an irresistible temptation. Stuart gives compelling
insights into the cultural and economic climate which makes the South China
Sea the most dangerous area for shipping in the world.
G535 .S824 2002
India & Southeast Asia :
towards security convergence
Devare, Sudhir. 2006
Examines the new geopolitics of Asia in the 21st century, and the
rise of India's role in Southeast Asia.
Contents: 1. Politico-security landscape -- 2. Growing security
convergence? -- 3. Seas as connecting links: salience of the Indian
Ocean and prospects for maritime cooperation -- 4. Economic
cooperation and integration: building blocks of security -- 5.
Democracy, culture and the Indian diaspora -- 6. Myanmar: a
challenging frontier -- 7. Conclusion -- Appendices.
DS525.9 .I4 D48 2006
Jolly
Roger with an Uzi : the Rise and Threat of Modern Piracy.
Jack
A. Gottschalk and Brian P. Flanagan.
Annapolis,
MD: Naval Institute Press, 2000.
170p.
Piracy has become a real threat to all who sail the oceans, regardless of the
size or type of their vessel. Reported pirate attacks are
on the increase, yet few people are aware of the scope and ferocity of today's
marine terrorism. This book warns seafarers of the worldwide problem and
suggests actions to be taken. The authors call attention to the fact that no location is entirely
safe, although the preponderance of reported pirate assaults occur in the
waters off Indonesia, Brazil, Somalia, and in the South China Sea. They
describe the modern-day pirate as motivated primarily by greed, but not
necessarily part of an organized crime group. As the title of the book
indicates, pirates often use high-power automatic weapons, and they escape in
high-speed boats. Most plan their attacks carefully, frequently using
information gained through government agencies in ports. To
curtail the crime, the authors suggest U.S. policy reforms, new roles for
government agencies and military and maritime enforcement units, and a
redefinition of jurisdictions.
HV6441 .G67 2000
The
Outlaw Sea : A World of Freedom, Chaos, and Crime.
William Langewiesche. New York : North Point Press, c2004. 239p.
The open ocean
spreads
across three-fourths of the globe. It is a place of storms and danger, both
natural and manmade. And at a time when every last patch of land is claimed by
one government or another, it is a place that remains radically free.
Langewiesche
explores this ocean world and the enterprises--licit and illicit--that flourish
in the privacy afforded by its horizons. Forty-three thousand gargantuan ships
ply the open ocean, carrying nearly all the raw materials and products on which
our lives are built. Many are owned or managed by one-ship companies so ghostly
that they exist only on paper. They are the embodiment of modern global capital
and the most independent objects on earth--many of them without allegiances of
any kind, changing identity and nationality at will. But its efficiencies
are accompanied by global problems--shipwrecks and pollution, the hard lives and
deaths of the crews, and the growth of two perfectly adapted pathogens: a modern
and sophisticated strain of piracy and its close cousin, the maritime form of
the new stateless terrorism.
HE571 .L36 2004
Piracy and Armed Robbery Against Ships : Annual Report, 1
January - 31 December 2004.
International Maritime Bureau of the
ICC. Barking, Essex : ICC International Maritime Bureau, 2004.
25p.
An analysis of world-wide reported incidents of
piracy and armed robbery against ships from 1 January to 31 December 2004.
HV6441 .P57 2004
Piracy in Southeast Asia : Status, Issues and Responses.
Derek Johnson and Mark Valencia.
Singapore : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2005. 174p.
In Southeast Asia where the incidence and violence of
piracy have been growing and where maritime terrorism is a threat with
potentially horrific consequences, there is an urgent need to come up with
innovative ways to counter maritime violence. If more effective
collaboration can be negotiated through regional co-operation, a major
impact can be made on piracy.
DS526.7 .P57 2005
The proliferation security
initiative : making waves in Asia
Valencia, Mark J.
In an address to the 2003 G8 Summit, President George Bush proposed
the Proliferation Security Initiative strategy against the spread of
"weapons of mass destruction." This report evaluates the PSI,
particularly focusing on the interception aspects of the strategy as
it relates to the maritime politics of Asia. It argues that the
strategy could have significant benefits, but notes that it contains
political and legal dangers related to a lack of clarity and double
standards in its definitions and to conflicts with existing
international maritime law.
U162 .A3 NO.376 2005
Seapower : a guide for the
twenty-first century
Till, Geoffrey.
Till (UK Joint Services Command and Staff College) explores the
functions, importance, and impact of the world's navies and suggests
ways in which they will need to adapt to changing conditions in the
21st century. Aimed at students and practitioners of maritime
strategy (as well as the interested general reader) the text
addresses such topics as the constituents of seapower, the challenge
of transformational technology, the defense of maritime
communications, and the range and extent of naval diplomacy.
V25 .T55 2004
The
Shifting of Maritime Power and the Implications for Maritime Security in East
Asia.
Joshua
Ho.
IDSS
working paper.
No.
68.
Singapore : Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, Nanyang Technological
University, the Republic of Singapore, 1998-
June
2004. 25p.
This
paper discusses how the possession of maritime power can lead to the accrual of
economic power and highlights how maritime power is shifting to East Asia by
observing trends in four areas of inter and intra-regional trade flows, regional
energy demand, strength of regional merchant fleets and strength of regional
navies. Correlated to the increasing maritime power is the increasing economic
growth of the region which is expected to surpass that of the United States and
the European Union combined in 2015. However, this is no fait accompli and
regional stability is critical to the continued economic growth in the region.
UA832.8 .I21 2004 NO.68
The
Straits of Malacca : Gateway or Gauntlet?
Donald B. Freeman. Montreal : McGill-Queen's University Press, 2003. 249p.
For centuries the Straits of Malacca, a narrow waterway between the
Malay Peninsula and the island of Sumatra, has been both a major conduit for
long distance trade between Asia and the West and one of the most dangerous
areas for commercial shipping. Donald Freeman examines this narrow
waterway and looks at its significance as both a trade gateway and a
choke-point that has forced generations of sailors to "run the
gauntlet".
HC441 .F74 2003
String of pearls : meeting the challenge of China's
rising power across the Asian littoral
Pehrson, Christopher J.
China's rising maritime power is encountering American maritime power along
the sea lines of communication (SLOCs) that connect China to vital energy
resources in the Middle East and Africa. The "String of Pearls" describes
the manifestation of China's rising geopolitical influence through efforts
to increase access to ports and airfields, develop special diplomatic
relationships, and modernize military forces that extend from the South
China Sea through the Strait of Malacca, across the Indian Ocean, and on to
the Arabian Gulf. A question posed by the "String of Pearls" is the
uncertainty of whether China's growing influence is in accordance with
Beijing's stated policy of "peaceful development," or if China one day will
make a bid for regional primacy. This is a complex strategic situation that
could determine the future direction of China's relationship with the United
States, as well as China's relationship with neighbors throughout the
region.
Available on line at:
http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB721.pdf
U413 .C2 P44 2005
Violence In Between : Conflict and Security in Archipelagic Southeast
Asia.
Damien Kingsbury. Clayton : Monash Asia Institute
; Singapore : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2005.
326p.
Security issues have been a constant and
often dominant theme in maritime Southeast Asia, with few regions of the
world as prone to political instability and lack of government authority.
This reflects the fractured state of the region and the consequences of
colonialism. This book considers a range of security issues that have
affected archipelagic Southeast Asia. The contributors are specialist
scholars with experience in the environments they write about.
UA832.8 .V56 2005
A time bomb for global trade : maritime-related
terrorism in an age of weapons of mass desctruction
Richardson, Michael.
Contents: Trade, terrorists, shipping, and cargo containers -- Al-Qaeda's
"navy" -- A maritime terror strike -- Mega-teror, radiological, and nuclear
-- Catastrophic terrorism and its potential impact on global trade -- Costs
and benefits of enhanced security -- How secure? -- Proliferation security
initiative -- Sea change and recommendations.
HV6431 .R52 2004
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Return of the Pirates.
New York : A&E Home Video : History Channel : Distributed by New Video
Group, 2006. 1 videodisc (100 min.) : sd., col. ; 4 3/4 in.
Over 90% of international trade travels by water and a new
generation of criminals is blending terror tactics with time-tested methods
to threaten this economic lifeline. Nations and corporations are racing to
protect themselves and their goods, and though the pirates are still ahead,
new international response units and mercenary ships are combating the
attacks. The U.S. Coast Guard trains navies worldwide in anti-piracy
measures, but corrupt law enforcement officials mar advances in their
effectiveness. Today's pirate is organized, political, and will command
world attention once again.
HV6441 .R48 2006
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Counterterrorism.
Focuses on the current issues and controversies that pertain to counter terrorism.
Law of the Sea.
Focuses on the current issues and controversies that underlie the law of the sea.
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