TRANSNATIONAL CRIME

CONTENTS:

 

Internet Resources:


American University
Transnational Crime and Corruption Center (TraCCC)

http://www.american.edu/traccc/

Consortium of Non-traditional Security Studies in Asia
Available at: http://www.idss-nts.org/

DEA Drug Enforcement Agency.
Available at:
http://www.dea.gov/pubs/international/foreign.html

Drug Policy Alliance. 
Drug Trafficking & Interdiction; drug policy around the world.
Available at: http://www.drugpolicy.org/global/drugtraffick/
 

Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, U.S. Dept. of the Treasury
Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) is a network, a means of bringing people and information together to fight the complex problem of money laundering.  Since its creation in 1990, FinCEN has worked to maximize information sharing among law enforcement agencies and its other partners in the regulatory and financial communities.
Available at: http://www.fincen.gov/index.html

Interpol. Drugs and Criminal Organizations
 
Interpol’s primary drug-control role is to identify new drug trafficking trends and criminal organizations operating at the international level and to assist all national and international law enforcement bodies concerned with countering the illicit production, trafficking and abuse of cannabis, cocaine, heroin and synthetic drugs.
Available at:
http://www.interpol.int/Public/Drugs/default.asp

Narco-Terrorism: International Drug Trafficking and Terrorism - a Dangerous Mix.
Hearing before the US. Senate, May 20, 2003. 
Available at: http://www.mipt.org/pdf/s-hrg108-173.pdf

Office of National Drug Control Policy: International
"While the bulk of our drug control program is based at home, there are elements of an effective drug control program that can only be pursued abroad. Internationally, we and our allies will attack the power and pocketbook of those international criminal and terrorist organizations that threaten our national security." -- White House
Available at:
http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/international/index.html

UNODC. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
Drug supply, demand and reduction.
Available at: http://www.unodc.org/unodc/index.html

United States Department of State, International Programs


Books:


Beyond Sovereignty : Issues for a Global Agenda.
Maryann K. Cusimano. New York : Bedford/St. Martin's, 2000. 331p. 
BEYOND SOVEREIGNTY takes a fully revised, post-September 11th look at the pressing global issues that sovereign nation-states cannot solve alone
including terrorism, disease, refugees, nuclear smuggling, environmental problems, cyber threats, international crime, and drug trafficking. Maryann Cusimano helps readers put the events of September 11th into the larger context of globalization, challenges to globalization, the rise of non-state actors and trans-sovereign problems, and the difficulties of managing cross-border problems in a world of sovereign states. Throughout, the author argues that global issues go beyond sovereign borders and therefore, that solutions must also go beyond sovereignty.
KZ4041 .B49 2000  

Blood From Stones: the Secret Financial Network of Terror.
Douglas Farah. NY: Broadway Books, 2004. 225p.
In the aftermath of 9/11, President Bush froze all terrorist assets in traditional financial institutions and money channels. But Al Qaeda and other terrorist groups have long followed a diversification strategy that has rendered this crackdown almost useless. Book uncovers the interlocking web of commodities, underground transfer systems, charities, and sympathetic bankers that support terrorist activities throughout the world.

HV6433 .A358 F37 2004 CSRT  

Combating Transnational Crime : Concepts, Activities and Responses.
Phil Williams and Dimitri Vlassis. Portland, OR : Frank Cass, 2001. 390p. 
The rise of transnational organized crime in the last decades of the twentieth century was as unexpected as the end of the Cold War. This emergence is both a symptom and a result of changes in international relations. It is also a development that will exacerbate the difficulties of managing globalization. The first part explores the nature and meaning of transnational organized crime, its operations in illegal markets, and its organization. The second part offers a few case studies of specific criminal activity, such as maritime fraud and trafficking in women and children. The third part focuses on political, judicial and law enforcement responses. 

HV6252 .
C65 2001  

Critical Reflections on Transnational Organized Crime, Money Laundering and Corruption.
Margaret E. Beare. Toronto; Buffalo : University of Toronto Press, 2003. 354p.
In this volume, internationally renowned contributors challenge commonly held views on transnational crime. Offers a wide range perspectives, including historical analysis, impact on foreign policy, failure of the war on money laundering.
HV6252 .C757 2003 

Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy.
Kevin Bales.
Berkeley : University of California Press, c2004. 298p. 
Slavery is illegal throughout the world, yet more than twenty-seven million people are still trapped in one of history's oldest social institutions. Investigates conditions in Thailand, Mauritania, Brazil, Pakistan, India, and parts of America and Europe and reveals the nature of the new slavery and how it has adapted to the global economy. People are taken by force and held against their wills through fear. Bales interviews actual slaves, slaveholders, and public officials to reveal the lives of slaves, including enslaved brickmakers in Pakistan, sex slaves in Thailand, and domestic slaves in France. He uncovers the economic and social forces that sustain slavery, from the corruption of local governments to the complicity of multinational corporations. He pinpoints just who benefits from the incredible profits of the new slavery. And he shows how the lives of these slaves are bound by our own through our purchase of slave-made products or mutual funds that invest in companies using slave labor. In his conclusion, Bales offers suggestions for how individuals and governments can combat slavery and describes successful antislavery actions by international and local organizations. 
HT867 .B35 2004

Drugs, Transnational Crime and Security in East Asia.
Alan Dupont. Canberra : The Australian National University, 1998. 30p. 
Explores the dynamics and security implications of narcotics trafficking in East Asia and the relationship between drugs and transnational crime. The principal conclusion reached is that the illicit drug trade is emerging as a significant long-term security issue for the region. Narcotics trafficking has grown enormously in sophistication and volume in conjunction with the spread of Asian organized crime in the decade since the end of the Cold War, and it will continue to do so in the absence of effective national and regional countermeasures.
HV5840 .E18 D86 1998  

East Asia Imperilled : Transnational Challenges to Security. 
Alan Dupont.  Cambridge, U.K. : Cambridge University Press, 2001. 336p.
Dupont argues that an emerging new class of non-military threats has the potential to destabilize East Asia and reverse decades of hard-won economic and social development. Transnational threats stem from overpopulation, deforestation and pollution, global warming, unregulated population movements, transnational crime and virulent new strains of infectious diseases. 

GE160 .E18 D86 2001

Environmental Change and International Law : New Challenges and Dimensions.
Edith Brown Weiss. Tokyo, Japan : United Nations University Press, c1992. 493
p.
This
volume was part of the preparation for the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development, held in Rio de Janeiro. It analyzes issues in international environmental law, draws analogies from international human rights law, and outlines likely future trends. Since the 1972 UN Conference on the Human Environment, held in Stockholm, international environmental law has been gathering momentum and building protections against such international problems as ocean dumping, trans-boundary air pollution, and trafficking in endangered species. The pace of agreement and the severity of the problems needing to be addressed have grown. There is constant reference in the papers to mankind's right to a viable environment. The prospect of a doubled world population in the next century is seen as one of the most serious barriers to sustainable development, demanding global cooperation in addressing population growth.
K3585.4 .E568 1992

Funding Evil: How Terrorism is Financed -- and How to Stop It.  
Rachel Ehrenfeld. Chicago: Bonus Books, 2003. 267p.

Ehrenfeld contends that the true face of terror is an international network of corrupt state leaders, super
wealthy contributors, and drug and crime kingpins. Without money, especially laundered U.S. dollars, there would be no terror, and this lively, well-documented primer reveals the sources, the amounts and the armed terror organizations they support. Not surprisingly, the author is at her best on the ironies of the West's appetite for drugs, which terror groups exploit for funding, arms and recruiting those who would undermine a degenerate Western society. Ehrenfeld's timely expose should heat up public demand for real progress in the war on terrorism.
HV6431 .E394 2003 CSRT

Global Human Smuggling : Comparative Perspectives.
David Kyle and Rey Koslowski. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001. 374
p.
During the past decades, human smuggling across national borders grew from a  low-level border crossing activity in a handful of countries to a diverse multibillion dollar business spanning the entire globe. But how well do we understand it? This volume explores the global dimensions of human smuggling in several forms and regions, examining its deep social, economic and cultural roots and its broad political consequences. Part 1 discusses the sociohistorical context and contemporary diversity of human smuggling of migrants, asylum-seekers, and those tricked into slavery. Part 2 presents high profile case studies. Part 3 looks closely at the legal construction of victimized women trafficked into slavery; social construction of smuggled immigrants; and the sanctioning of unauthorized employment of illegal immigrants.

JV6201 .G56 2001

The Global Underworld : Transnational Crime and the United States.
Don Liddick. Westport, Conn. : Praeger, 2004. 159p.
Primarily descriptive in purpose, this work provides an overview of transnational crime in the United States. He identifies the principal groups operating in the United States and Canada, and provides chapters on smuggling, money laundering and other financial crimes, terrorism (somewhat oddly identifying Hamas and Hezbollah as threats to the U.S.), and responses to transnational organized crime.
HV6252 .L43 2004  

Globalization and Non-Traditional Security Issues: a Study of Human and Drug Trafficking in East Asia.   
Ralf Emmers. IDSS working paper. No. 62  Singapore : Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, Nanyang Technological University, the Republic of Singapore, 1998- March 2004. 26p.
This paper focuses on illicit drug and human trafficking in China and Southeast Asian countries and examines these categories of transnational crime in the context of a globalizing world. It argues that that the protection of the state and human security against drug and people trafficking will increasingly require effective transnational cooperation and some surrendering of state sovereignty. 

UA832.8 .I21 2004 NO.62

Handbook of Transnational Crime and Justice.
Reichel, Philip L. Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Sage Publications, 2005. 512p.
Covering both transnational crime and international responses to crime, Reichel intends this handbook to serve as a reference for students and practitioners seeking knowledge on broad areas of the topic. The handbook consists of 24 papers drawn from ten countries around the world describing types of transnational crime, exploring institutional organizations and instruments for combating transnational crime, and examining regional and special issues. The material covers terrorism, money laundering, illicit trade in antiquities, computer crime, environmental crime, trafficking in human beings, war crimes and crimes against humanity, the origins of Interpol, the adjudication of international crimes, juvenile justice in the international arena, and other topics.
HV6252 .H36 2004

Human Security and the New Diplomacy: Protecting People, Promoting Peace.
Rob McRae and Don Hubert. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2001. 279p.
How Canada's campaign to ban land-mines led to foreign policy initiatives that focused on the security of civilians in situations of armed conflict.

JZ6368 .H86 2001
 

Human Traffic and Transnational Crime : Eurasian and American Perspectives.
Sally Stoecker and Louise Shelley. Lanham : Rowman & Littlefield, c2005. 161p.
Human Trafficking is a growing transnational criminal phenomenon-conservative estimates put the total number of persons trafficked globally at two million per year. In "Human Traffic and Transnational Crime", criminologists, sociologists, and demographers from European, Siberian, and far-eastern parts of Russia offer the first in-depth, scholarly study of human trafficking in Russia and Ukraine, their groundbreaking work defines the motivations behind and reactions to this horrifying trend.
HQ281 .H86 2004

IDSS Working Paper.
No. 98: Non-traditional security issues: securitisation of transnational crime in Asia / Jame Laki -- January 2006.
UA832.8 .I21

Illicit Flows and Criminal Things: States, Borders and the Other Side of Globalization.
Willem van Schendel and Itty Abraham.
Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2005. 266p. 
Offers a new perspective on illegal transnational linkages, international relations, and the transnational. The contributors argue for a nuanced approach that recognizes the difference between "organized" crime and the thousands of illicit acts that take place across national borders every day. They distinguish between the illegal (prohibited by law) and the illicit (socially perceived as unacceptable), which are historically changeable and contested. Detailed case studies of arms smuggling, illegal transnational migration, the global diamond trade, borderland practices, and the transnational consumption of drugs take us to Asia, Africa, Latin America, Europe, and North America. They allow us to understand how states, borders, and the language of law enforcement produce criminality, and how people and goods which are labeled "illegal" move across regulatory spaces.
HV6252 .I448 2005

The Illicit Global Economy and State Power.
H. Richard Friman & Peter Andreas. Lanham, MD : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1999. 200p.
Illicit cross-border flows, such as smuggling of drugs, migrants, weapons, toxic waste and dirty money, have emerged as an increasingly important source of conflict and cooperation among states and nonstate actors. 

HV6252 .I45 1999  

Illicit: How Smugglers, Traffickers and Copycats are Hijacking the Global Economy.
Moises Naim.
New York : Doubleday, 2005. 340p. 
Naim provides a detailed tour of the major globalized criminal activities: drug production and distribution, illegal arms dealing, human trafficking, counterfeiting, money laundering and so on and introduces a host of criminal networks that profit from them. Naim creates a picture of illicit trade which demonstrates that, far from taking place in a shadowy underworld, such activity is inextricably linked to legitimate commerce and directly affects all of us. In Naim's view, globalization's "diffusion of power to individuals and groups" and away from sovereign states has created a "smuggler's nirvana," in which the lines between legitimate and illegitimate economic activity are blurred and criminal networks possess an unprecedented degree of political influence. Making matters worse, the widening gap between global haves and have-nots what Naim calls "geopolitical bright spots and black holes" has increased the incentive for individuals and groups on both sides of the divide to participate in illicit activities.
HV6252 .N35 2005

Illicit Trafficking: A Reference Handbook.
Robert J. Kelly, et al.
Santa Barbara, Calif. : ABC-CLIO, c2005. 260p. 
Offers an easy-to-grasp overview of this growing modern problem. Defines key terms and concepts. Offers a brief history. What are the roles of organized crime and transnational crime in illicit trafficking? Does immigration foster illicit trafficking?What is the relationship of the volume of illicit trafficking to globalization? What is the relationship of the growth of global finance to illicit trafficking? How do worldwide communication technologies affect illicit trafficking? What are the defining characteristics of transnational crime groups? What are the relationships among governments, social structure, and organized crime? Do ethnic conflicts and state dissolution facilitate illicit trafficking? Do political instability and military conflict contribute to criminal activities? What are the trends among transnational crime groups? Can law enforcement operate effectively in a global environment? How are transnational organized crime and illicit trafficking related?
HV6252 .K45 2005

International Handbook on Drug Control.
Scott B. MacDonald & Bruce Zagaris. Westport, CN : Greenwood Press, 1992. 454p.
The international illicit drug trade is an ongoing problem that faces the global community. It influences economic and political development in a number of countries in the developing world and feeds the habits of addicts in the developed world. The nature of the game will probably continue because so many people experiment with drugs and because so much profit is to be gained in drug sales. The editors wish to increase awareness by educating readers on what is known about the global narcotics trade.

HV5801 .I575 1992

International Relations in Southeast Asia : The Struggle for Autonomy. 
Donald E. Weatherbee. New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2005. 306p.

This balanced, comprehensive guide to Southeast Asian politics offers a sensible but nondogmatic realist approach to the region's international relations. The author lucidly explains the dynamics of the Southeast Asian subsystem as a struggle for autonomy in pursuit of national interests. He explores three important questions, the answers to which will shape the future Southeast Asia. Will democratic regimes transform international relations in Southeast Asia? Will national leaders succeed in reinventing ASEAN as a more effective collaborative mechanism? Finally, how will the evolving Chinese position, balancing and perhaps displacing the United States as Asia's great power, affect Southeast Asia's struggle for autonomy?
DS526.7 .W44 2005

The Natashas: Inside the New Global Sex Trade.
Victor Malarek. New York : Arcade : distributed by Time Warner Book Group, 2004.  303p. 
According to the U.S. State Department, at least 800,000-900,000 impoverished young women, many of them orphans, from Eastern and Central Europe, are lured with promises of jobs as waitresses, nannies or maids in Western Europe or North America. Instead, they find themselves imprisoned in apartments, massage parlors or brothels in countries ranging from South Korea, Bosnia and Japan to Israel and Germany. With "ruthless efficiency," in the words of one European official, Russian and other organized crime syndicates control this human trade, which offers high profits with little risk of interference thanks to "complacency, complicity, and corruption" on the part of national governments and law enforcement.
HQ117 .M26 2004

State of the World, 2005 : Redefining Global Security.
WorldWatch Institute.
New York, NY: Norton, 2005. 237p.
Worldwatch reaffirms the importance of other, less-publicized threats to global stability and security: the complex interactions between environmental degradation, poverty, and inequity; growing human populations; and the international proliferation of deadly weapons. Emphasizing the opportunities for creating a less vulnerable, more secure world, State of the World 2005 addresses a broad range of needed reforms, including those related to governance, economics, ethics, and education. With easy-to-read charts and tables.
HC59 .S733 2005

Terrorism and Violence in Southeast Asia: Transnational Challenges to States and Regional Stability. 
Paul J. Smith. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 2005. 262p.
Brings together a number of well-known analysts on regional security, who address the latest challenges to Southeast Asian stability. Assesses terrorism and transnational security threats in Southeast Asia.

HV6433 .A785 T47 2005

Traffick : the illicit movement of people and things.
Bhattacharyya, Gargi, 2005. 220p.
This book is less about illicit markets in drugs, weapons, and people than it is a critical analysis of the global capitalist system that has produced and relies on this "underbelly." Illicit markets are important here for Bhattacharyya (Univ. of Birmingham, UK) mainly as a way to approach larger issues of globalization and capitalism. Readers learn a great deal about what scholars and the author think about the development of global capitalism and illicit markets, but relatively little about the actual forces and events. Many readers will find the author's bold analysis interesting and thought-provoking, but the book will frustrate those looking for factual information or empirical evidence concerning illicit trade in drugs, weapons, and human beings.
HV5801 .B49 2005

Trafficking and the Global Sex Industry.
Karen Beeks and Delila Amir.
Lanham, MD : Lexington Books, c2006.  239p. 
Focuses on the international trafficking of women and children for forced labor and prostitution. The essays create a link from country to country, demonstrating the worldwide nature of the problem. Expertly written and well researched, this collection gives the reader a clearer understanding of the problem of human trafficking and the actions being taken to combat it.
HQ281 .T64 2006

Transnational Crime.
Jay Albanese.
Whitby, ON : de Sitter Publications, c2005. 188p. 
Transnational crime will impact the twenty-first century much in the same way that earlier technological developments changed the face of crime in the twentieth century. Includes trafficking in human beings, intellectual property theft, commercial sexual exploitation of children, law enforcement response to transnational crime and terrorism, how we understand different cultures and account for divergent perspectives on social problems.
HV6252 .T69 2005

Transnational Organized Crime and International Security: Business as Usual?
Mats Berdal and Monica Serrano. Boulder, CO : Lynne Rienner, 2002. 243
p. 
Rapid growth and global reach appear to have given transnational organized crime an unprecedented capacity to challenge states.  Part 1 focuses on the growth over the past quarter century. Part 2 explores the policy response of the United Nations, the European Union, and the Organization of American States (OAS) to the rise and growing sophistication of transnational organized crime. Part 3 considers regional trends and developments in transnational organized crime, and covers cases ranging from the more familiar drug-trafficking industry of Latin America to the increasingly dominant role of Hong Kong and Chinese triads in the international criminal underworld.
HV6252 .T734 2002

Transnational Threats: Blending Law Enforcement and Military Strategies.
Carolyn W.Pumphrey, editor. Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 2000. 256p.
Examines transnational threats, including weapons of mass destruction, cyber threats to the national infrastructure, and international organized crime. Identifies the key challenges facing the U.S., paying particular attention to the role of the military.
Also available at: http://www.carlisle.army.mil/ssi/pdffiles/PUB224.pdf
U413.A66 T61 2000  

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Related Bibliographies:


Counterterrorism.  Focuses on the issues and controversies that pertain to counterterrorism/terrorism.

Drug Trafficking.  Focuses on the trafficking in drugs.

Human Trafficking.  Focuses on trafficking in humans.

Money Laundering. Focuses on the illegal movement of money.

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Updated: 08 February 2008