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Organizations
Internet Resources
Books
Also see the APCSS Library Bibliography
Transnational Crime and Money Laundering
Organizations
Brookings Institution Transnational Security Threats
The Brookings Institution is a nonprofit public policy organization based in
Washington, DC. Our mission is to conduct high-quality, independent research
and, based on that research, to provide innovative, practical
recommendations that advance three broad goals: Strengthen American
democracy; Foster the economic and social welfare, security and opportunity
of all Americans and Secure a more open, safe, prosperous and cooperative
international system. The same global advances in communication,
transportation and commerce that lead to economic growth, social exchange
and political integration can also be conduits for transnational security
threats. Infectious disease, international crime, human trafficking,
terrorism and environmental degradation, among others, challenge the
international system in the twenty-first century.
Center for Strategic and International
Studies Transnational Threats Project
Terror, insurgent, and criminal networks are the focus of the Transnational
Threats Project. TNT assesses the nature and impact of these threats
through targeted field work and an extensive network of specialists from
government, academia, NGOs, and the private sector. TNT’s work is highly
valued by intelligence analysts, policymakers, and leaders seeking to
understand, prevent, and disrupt transnational threats.
Consortium of
Non-traditional Security Studies in Asia
INTERPOL-Drugs
and Criminal Organizations INTERPOL’s primary drug-control role is to identify
new drug trafficking trends and criminal organizations operating at the
international level and to assist all national and international law enforcement
bodies concerned with countering the illicit production, trafficking and abuse
of drugs.
INTERPOL-Corruption The INTERPOL Group of Experts on
Corruption (IGEC) aims to develop and implement new initiatives to further
law enforcement’s efficiency in the fight against corruption. It is a
multi-disciplinary group with members from all regions of the world,
coordinating and harmonizing different national and regional approaches. Available at:
http://www.interpol.int/default.asp
Office
of National Drug Control Policy: International.
"While the
bulk of our
drug
control program is based at home, there are elements of an effective drug
control program that can only be pursued abroad. Internationally, we and our
allies will attack the power and pocketbook of those international criminal and
terrorist organizations that threaten our national security."
-- White House Available at:
http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/international/index.html
UNODC.
United
Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
See
Topics for Drugs, Money laundering, Corruption, etc. Available at:
http://www.unodc.org/unodc/index.html
Regional
Maritime Security Initiative
The goal of RMSI is to develop a partnership of willing regional nations with
varying capabilities and capacities to identify, monitor, and intercept
transnational maritime threats under existing international and domestic laws.
Internet Resources
Countering Transnational Threats: Terrorism, Narco-Trafficking, and WMD
Proliferation
(The Washington
Institute for Near East Policy 2009)
Dynamic Threat Mitigation:
Combating Transnational Threats and Dismantling Illicit Networks--The Role
of Corruption Nodes
(Bureau of International narcotics and Law
Enforcement Affairs, U.S. Dept of State 2009)
Facts on
International Relations and Security Trends
The FIRST system offers
researchers, politicians and the media an authoritative and structured
factual reference system on international relations and security trends. It
contains high-quality, up-to-date and clearly documented information in
areas such as:
- conflicts, arms transfers and military expenditure
- hard facts on states and international organizations
- economic and social statistics
- chronologies
Countries can only be searched individually.
You can start searching immediately by choosing a country,
one or multiple datasets, and pressing the “Search” button.
Global Corruption
Report
Annual
Reports from Transparency International.
Global Strategic Assessment 2009: America's Security Role in a Changing
World
(NDU Institute for National Security Studies 2009)
The Institute for National Strategic Studies
has identified eight global trends driving tomorrow’s complex security
environment. These trends represent challenges and in some cases
opportunities for America’s civilian policymakers and military leaders.
These trends amount to a paradigm shift and policymakers may increasingly
find themselves operating in terra incognita. To shed light on this emerging
global environment, the Institute for National Strategic Studies has
produced a seminal volume, Global Strategic Assessment, which details these
driving trends, assesses them in regional context, and finally, offers a
number of pathways for American policymakers to deal with them.
Global Trends 2025 A
Transformed World
(National Intelligence Council 2008)
Global Trends 2025 is the fourth unclassified report
prepared by the National Intelligence Council (NIC) in recent years that
takes a long-term view of the future. It offers a fresh look at how key
global trends might develop over the next 15 years to influence world
events. As with the earlier NIC efforts—such as
Mapping The Global
Future 2020—the project's primary goal is to provide US policymakers
with a view of how the world developments could evolve, identifying
opportunities and potentially negative developments that might warrant
policy action. We also hope this paper stimulates a broader discussion of
value to educational and policy institutions at home and abroad.
Matthew B. Ridgeway Center for
International Security Studies: Working Papers
Striking a balance between power, enmity, and partnership in the
international arena is a major policy goal. Progressive thought about
proliferation and cooperative security is an increasingly critical element
of security studies. The Ridgway Center at the University of Pittsburgh is
dedicated to generating scholarship that educates the next generation of
security analysts. Its purpose is to produce original and impartial analysis
that informs policymakers who must confront diverse challenges to state and
human security on a global scale.
Peace in the Pipeline? Prospects for Oil and Gas Cooperation in the Middle
East and South Asia. (May 10, 2009, the Brookings Doha
Center)
On May 10, 2009, the Brookings Doha Center hosted a discussion
titled “Peace in the Pipeline? Prospects for Oil and Gas Cooperation in the
Middle East and South Asia.” The panel was addressed by Adel Ahmed
Albuainain, the General Manager of the Dolphin Energy Limited pipeline
project in Qatar, Brookings Doha Center Visiting Fellow Saleem H. Ali who
has been undertaking research on the topic and H.E. Mithat Rende, Ambassador
of the Republic of Turkey to the State of Qatar. Hady Amr, Director of the
Brookings Doha Center, moderated the discussion.
INTERNATIONAL FUTURE CHALLENGES AND
OPPORTUNITIES:
Report on Wilton Park Conference 951.
14 January 2009
The purpose of the conference was to further senior officials’ understanding
of international perspectives on key global questions, and to consider
future trends, challenges and opportunities over the next 5-15 years. It was
also designed to help Her Majesty’s Government (HMG) develop long-term
relationships with international partners, contribute to global dialogue and
raise the profile of international futures.
Smart Financial Power and International Security: Reflections on the
Evolution of the Global Anti-Money-Laundering and Counterterrorist Financing
Regime since 9/11. (Juan C. Zarate. April 21, 2009. Center for
Strategic and International Studies)
"The historic steps taken by governments around the world to build and adapt
legislative, regulatory, and enforcement tools to prevent terrorist
financing since 9/11 has created—by design and necessity—a new paradigm for
the use of financial power to affect issues of national security import—from
terrorist financing and narcotrafficking to kleptocracy and state-sponsored
illicit financial activity. This evolution has involved a deeper involvement
by the private sector in arenas previously confined to the halls of
governments with a commensurate and widening appreciation within governments
of the power of markets and the private sector to influence international
security. There is no question that the international community—to include
the private sector—has made the dual and complementary objectives of
protecting the integrity of the international financial system and isolating
rogue financial activity central international security and financial
objectives."
Strategic Plan
Fiscal Years 2007-2012: Transformational Diplomacy
(U.S. Department of State U.S. Agency for International
Development. May 7, 2007)
The joint Strategic Plan supports the policy positions set forth by
President Bush in the National Security Strategy and presents how the
Department and USAID will implement U.S. foreign policy and development
assistance. In the joint Strategic Plan, the Strategic Goal section
defines the primary aims of U.S. foreign policy and development assistance
as well as our strategic priorities within each of those goals for the
coming years. In addition, for each goal we identify key U.S. Government
partners and external factors that could affect achievement of these goals.
The Regional Priority section describes the Department and USAID priorities
within each region of the world. The joint Strategic Goals cut across the
regional priority chapters. The regional priorities reflect how the efforts
described in the Strategic Goal chapters fit together in addressing specific
regional issues.
Terrorist
Threat and U.S. Response: A Changing Landscape
(The Washington Institute for Near East Policy 2008)
USAF Institute for
National Security Studies :
Occasional Papers
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Books
Beyond
Sovereignty : Issues for a Global Agenda.
Maryann
K. Cusimano. New York : Bedford/St. Martin's, 2000. 331p.
BEYOND SOVEREIGNTY takes a fully revised, post-September 11th look at the
pressing global issues that sovereign nation-states cannot solve alone
including
terrorism, disease, refugees, nuclear smuggling, environmental problems, cyber
threats, international crime, and drug trafficking. Maryann Cusimano helps
readers put the events of September 11th into the larger context of
globalization, challenges to globalization, the rise of non-state actors and
trans-sovereign
problems, and the difficulties of managing cross-border problems in a world of
sovereign states. Throughout, the author argues that global issues go beyond
sovereign borders
and
therefore, that solutions must also go beyond sovereignty.
KZ4041
.B49 2000
Blood
From Stones: the Secret Financial Network of Terror.
Douglas Farah. NY: Broadway Books, 2004. 225p.
In the aftermath of 9/11, President Bush froze all terrorist assets in
traditional financial institutions and money channels. But Al Qaeda and other
terrorist groups have long followed a diversification strategy that has
rendered this crackdown almost useless. Book uncovers the interlocking
web of commodities, underground transfer systems, charities, and sympathetic
bankers that support terrorist activities throughout the world.
HV6433
.A358 F37 2004
Combating
Transnational Crime : Concepts, Activities and Responses.
Phil
Williams and Dimitri Vlassis. Portland, OR : Frank Cass, 2001. 390p.
The rise of transnational organized crime in the last decades of the twentieth
century was as unexpected as the end of the Cold War. This emergence is both a
symptom and a result of changes in international relations. It is also a
development that will exacerbate the difficulties of managing globalization.
The first part explores the nature and meaning of transnational organized
crime, its operations in illegal markets, and its organization. The second
part offers a few case studies of specific criminal activity, such as maritime
fraud and trafficking in women and children. The third part focuses on
political, judicial and law enforcement responses.
HV6252
.C65
2001
Critical Reflections on Transnational Organized
Crime, Money Laundering and Corruption.
Margaret E. Beare. Toronto; Buffalo : University of Toronto Press, 2003.
354p.
In this volume, internationally renowned contributors
challenge commonly held views on transnational crime. Offers a wide range
perspectives, including historical analysis, impact on foreign policy,
failure of the war on money laundering.
HV6252 .C757 2003
Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy.
Kevin Bales.
Berkeley : University of California Press, c2004.
298p.
Slavery is illegal throughout the world, yet more
than twenty-seven million people are still trapped in one of history's
oldest social institutions. Investigates conditions in Thailand,
Mauritania, Brazil, Pakistan, India, and parts of America and Europe and
reveals the nature of the new slavery and how it has adapted to the
global economy. People are taken by force and held against their wills
through fear. Bales interviews actual slaves, slaveholders, and public
officials to reveal the lives of slaves, including enslaved brickmakers
in Pakistan, sex slaves in Thailand, and domestic slaves in France. He
uncovers the economic and social forces that sustain slavery, from the
corruption of local governments to the complicity of multinational
corporations. He pinpoints just who benefits from the incredible profits
of the new slavery. And he shows how the lives of these slaves are bound
by our own through our purchase of slave-made products or mutual funds
that invest in companies using slave labor. In his conclusion, Bales
offers suggestions for how individuals and governments can combat
slavery and describes successful antislavery actions by international
and local organizations.
HT867 .B35 2004
Drugs,
Transnational Crime and Security in East Asia.
Alan
Dupont.
Canberra : The Australian National University, 1998. 30p.
Explores
the dynamics and security implications of narcotics trafficking in East Asia
and the relationship between drugs and transnational crime.
The
principal conclusion reached is that the illicit drug trade is emerging as a
significant long-term security issue for the region. Narcotics trafficking has
grown enormously in sophistication and volume in conjunction with the spread
of Asian organized crime in the decade since the end of the Cold War, and it
will continue to do so in the absence of effective national and regional
countermeasures.
HV5840
.E18 D86 1998
East
Asia Imperilled : Transnational Challenges to Security.
Alan
Dupont.
Cambridge,
U.K.
: Cambridge
University
Press, 2001.
336p.
Dupont argues that an emerging new class of non-military threats has the
potential to destabilize East Asia and reverse decades of hard-won economic
and social development. Transnational threats stem from overpopulation,
deforestation and pollution, global warming, unregulated population movements,
transnational crime and virulent new strains of infectious diseases.
GE160 .E18 D86 2001
Environmental
Change and International Law : New Challenges and Dimensions.
Edith Brown Weiss. Tokyo,
Japan : United Nations University Press, c1992. 493p.
This
volume
was part of the preparation for the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and
Development, held in Rio de Janeiro.
It analyzes issues in international environmental law, draws analogies from
international human rights law, and outlines likely future trends.
Since the 1972 UN Conference on the Human Environment, held in Stockholm,
international environmental law has been gathering momentum and building
protections against such international problems as ocean dumping,
trans-boundary air pollution, and trafficking in endangered species. The pace
of agreement and the severity of the problems needing to be addressed have
grown. There is constant reference in the papers to mankind's right to a
viable environment. The prospect of a doubled world population in the next
century is seen as one of the most serious barriers to sustainable
development, demanding global cooperation in addressing population growth.
K3585.4 .E568 1992
Force multiplier for intelligence :
collaborative open source networks : a report of the transnational threats
project, Center for Strategic and International Studies
De Borchgrave, Arnaud.
HV6431 .D327 2007
Funding
Terrorism in Southeast Asia: the Financial Network of Al Qaeda and Jemaah
Islamiyah.
Zachary Abuza. Seattle, WA:
National Bureau of Asian Research, 2003. 68p.
International
terrorists make widespread use of alternative and informal mechanisms to
raise, move, and secure their funds. Abuza illustrates a variety of methods
that Jemaah Islamiyah uses to raise and transfer funds through charities and
front companies.
Also available at:
http://www.nbr.org/publications/issue.aspx?ID=558e687e-8929-4760-9e5d-09f548f8a1ef
DS501.5
.N385 2003 Vol.14, no.5
Global
Human Smuggling : Comparative Perspectives.
David Kyle and Rey Koslowski. Baltimore: The Johns
Hopkins University Press, 2001. 374p.
During the past decades, human smuggling across national borders grew
from a low-level border crossing activity in a handful of countries to a
diverse multibillion dollar business spanning the entire globe. But how well
do we understand it? This volume explores the global dimensions of human
smuggling in several forms and regions, examining its deep social, economic
and cultural roots and its broad political consequences. Part 1 discusses the
sociohistorical context and contemporary diversity of human smuggling of
migrants, asylum-seekers, and those tricked into slavery. Part 2 presents high
profile case studies. Part 3 looks closely at the legal construction of
victimized women trafficked into slavery; social construction of smuggled
immigrants; and the sanctioning of unauthorized employment of illegal
immigrants.
JV6201 .G56 2001
Globalization and WMD proliferation :
terrorism, transnational networks, and international security.
Russell, James A.
This edited volume explores the relationship between the
accelerating process of globalization and the proliferation of
Weapons of Mass Destruction, which is increasingly seen as the
pre-eminent threat to international security. The proliferation of
Weapons of Mass Destruction has traditionally been seen as a
function of the 'security dilemma' in the state-based international
system. But the advent of the nuclear supply network pieced together
by the Pakistani scientist A. Q. Khan represented a departure from
this model, involving a variety of organizations not directly
connected to a state. This volume assembles an international group
of experts in order to assess the relationship between proliferation
and globalization to ascertain how contemporary communication,
transportation and financial networks are facilitating or
constraining trade in dangerous contraband. The book ultimately
seeks to determine whether globalization is fundamentally altering
the nature of the proliferation problem, particularly the threat
that Weapons of Mass Destruction might fall into the hands of
terrorists.
U793 .G58 2008
International security and conflict .
Russett, Bruce M. Aldershot, Hants, England ; Burlington, VT : Ashgate,
c2008.
This important collection of classic articles and papers
presents a variety of perspectives on key topics in international security
and conflict. These include how the structure of the international system
constrains nations’ choices, how domestic politics may affect decisions on
war and peace, how individual and small group behaviour can affect foreign
policy, and how international organizations can affect the security of
states and peoples. Some of the selections are classics, but most represent
recent research and analysis. They draw on international scholars working
from different kinds of theories (realist, liberal-institutionalist and
constructivist) and research methods to ask why nation-states may fight
violently or stay at peace.
JZ5588 .I577 2008
Globalization
and Non-Traditional Security Issues: a Study of Human and Drug Trafficking in
East Asia.
Ralf
Emmers. IDSS working paper. No. 62 Singapore : Institute of Defence and
Strategic Studies, Nanyang Technological University, the Republic of
Singapore, 1998-
March 2004. 26p.
This paper focuses on illicit drug and human trafficking in China and
Southeast Asian countries and examines these categories of transnational crime
in the context of a globalizing world. It argues that that the protection of
the state and human security against drug and people trafficking will
increasingly require effective transnational cooperation and some surrendering
of state sovereignty.
UA832.8 .I21 2004 NO.62
Human
Security and the New Diplomacy: Protecting People, Promoting Peace.
Rob
McRae and Don Hubert. Montreal:
McGill-Queen's University Press, 2001. 279p.
How Canada's campaign to ban land-mines led to foreign policy initiatives that
focused on the security of civilians in situations of armed conflict.
JZ6368
.H86 2001
Human
Traffic and Transnational Crime : Eurasian and American Perspectives.
Sally Stoecker and Louise Shelley.
Lanham : Rowman & Littlefield, c2005.
161p.
Human Trafficking is a growing transnational criminal
phenomenon-conservative estimates put the total number of persons trafficked
globally at two million per year. In "Human Traffic and Transnational
Crime", criminologists, sociologists, and demographers from European,
Siberian, and far-eastern parts of Russia offer the first in-depth,
scholarly study of human trafficking in Russia and Ukraine, their
groundbreaking work defines the motivations behind and reactions to this
horrifying trend.
HQ281 .H86 2004
Illicit Flows and Criminal Things: States, Borders and the Other Side of
Globalization.
Willem van Schendel and Itty
Abraham.
Bloomington, IN: Indiana University
Press, 2005. 266p.
Offers a new
perspective on illegal transnational linkages, international relations, and
the transnational. The contributors argue for a nuanced approach that
recognizes the difference between "organized" crime and the thousands of
illicit acts that take place across national borders every day. They
distinguish between the illegal (prohibited by law) and the illicit
(socially perceived as unacceptable), which are historically changeable and
contested. Detailed case studies of arms smuggling, illegal transnational
migration, the global diamond trade, borderland practices, and the
transnational consumption of drugs take us to Asia, Africa, Latin America,
Europe, and North America. They allow us to understand how states, borders,
and the language of law enforcement produce criminality, and how people and
goods which are labeled "illegal" move across regulatory spaces.
HV6252 .I448 2005
The
Illicit Global Economy and State Power.
H.
Richard Friman & Peter Andreas. Lanham, MD : Rowman &
Littlefield Publishers, 1999.
200p.
Illicit cross-border flows, such as smuggling of drugs, migrants,
weapons, toxic waste and dirty money, have emerged as an increasingly
important source of conflict and cooperation among states and nonstate actors.
HV6252
.I45 1999
Illicit: How Smugglers, Traffickers and Copycats are Hijacking the Global
Economy.
Moises Naim.
New York : Doubleday, 2005.
340p.
Naim provides
a detailed tour of the major globalized criminal activities: drug production
and distribution, illegal arms dealing, human trafficking, counterfeiting,
money laundering and so on and introduces a host of criminal networks that
profit from them.
Naim creates a picture of illicit trade which demonstrates
that, far from taking place in a shadowy underworld, such activity is
inextricably linked to legitimate commerce and directly affects all of us.
In Naim's view, globalization's "diffusion of power to individuals and
groups" and away from sovereign states has created a "smuggler's nirvana,"
in which the lines between legitimate and illegitimate economic activity are
blurred and criminal networks possess an unprecedented degree of political
influence. Making matters worse, the widening gap between global haves and
have-nots what Naim calls "geopolitical bright spots and black holes" has
increased the incentive for individuals and groups on both sides of the
divide to participate in illicit activities.
HV6252 .N35 2005
Illicit Trafficking: A Reference Handbook.
Robert J. Kelly, et al.
Santa Barbara, Calif. : ABC-CLIO, c2005. 260p.
Offers an
easy-to-grasp overview of this growing modern problem. Defines key terms and
concepts. Offers a brief history. What are the roles
of organized crime and transnational crime in illicit trafficking? Does
immigration foster illicit trafficking? What is the relationship of the
volume of illicit trafficking to globalization? What is the relationship of
the growth of global finance to illicit trafficking? How do worldwide
communication technologies affect illicit trafficking? What are the defining
characteristics of transnational crime groups? What are the relationships
among governments, social structure, and organized crime? Do ethnic
conflicts and state dissolution facilitate illicit trafficking? Do political
instability and military conflict contribute to criminal activities? What
are the trends among transnational crime groups? Can law enforcement operate
effectively in a global environment? How are transnational organized crime
and illicit trafficking related?
HV6252 .K45 2005
Non-traditional security issues: securitisation of transnational crime
in Asia.
IDSS
Working Paper
No. 98:
Jame Laki -- January 2006.
UA832.8 .I21
Power & responsibility : building international
order in an era of transnational threats.
Jones, Bruce D.
Makes the case for forming new international partnerships and revitalizing
instruments of cooperation to address global challenges that post-WWII
multilateral security systems cannot. Establishes a new conceptual
foundation for international security: 'responsible sovereignty,' which
entails obligations and duties and attitudinal changes toward other states
as well one's own.
JZ5588 .J66 2009
Power, interdependence, and nonstate actors in world
politics . Milner, Helen V. Princeton :
Princeton University Press, c2009.
Since they were pioneered in the 1970s by Robert Keohane and
others, the broad range of neoliberal institutionalist theories of
international relations have grown in importance. In an increasingly
globalized world, the realist and neorealist focus on states, military
power, conflict, and anarchy has more and more given way to a recognition of
the importance of nonstate actors, nonmilitary forms of power,
interdependence, international institutions, and cooperation. Drawing
together a group of leading international relations theorists, this book
explores the frontiers of new research on the role of such forces in world
politics. The topics explored in these chapters include the uneven role of
peacekeepers in civil wars, the success of human rights treaties in
promoting women's rights, the disproportionate power of developing countries
in international environmental policy negotiations, and the prospects for
Asian regional cooperation. While all of the chapters demonstrate the
empirical and theoretical vitality of liberal and institutionalist theories,
they also highlight weaknesses that should drive future research and
influence the reform of foreign policy and international organizations.
JZ4841 .P68 2009
State
of the World, 2005 : Redefining Global Security.
WorldWatch Institute.
New
York, NY:
Norton,
2005.
237p.
Worldwatch reaffirms the importance of other, less-publicized threats
to global stability and security: the complex interactions between
environmental degradation, poverty, and inequity; growing human populations;
and the international proliferation of deadly weapons. Emphasizing the
opportunities for creating a less vulnerable, more secure world, State of the
World 2005 addresses a broad range of needed reforms, including those related
to governance, economics, ethics, and education. With easy-to-read charts and
tables.
HC59 .S733 2005
The terrorism ahead : confronting transnational
violence in the twenty-first century.
Smith, Paul J.,
The book surveys specific aspects of contemporary terrorism, including
political, social, economic, religious, and ideological factors,
globalization as a stimulant to contemporary terrorism, the role of
organized crime in terrorist movements, and more. Written with students in
college and professional programs in mind, the book includes case studies
interspersed throughout the chapters that provide clarifying examples.
HV6431 .S6415 2008
Terrorism and violence in Southeast Asia :
transnational challenges to states and regional stability.
Smith, Paul J.
This timely work examines the scale and root
causes of terrorism across Southeast Asia, including the role of al-Qaeda's
ascendancy in the region. It begins with an overview of the analytical and
theoretical framework for discussing the subject. Individual chapters then
examine terrorist activities from both functional and country-specific
perspectives. The book traces fundamental linkages between terrorism and
security issues, such as illegal immigration, narcotics trafficking, and
other criminal activity. In addition, it considers the issue of convergence
-- the growing connection between criminal groups and terrorism, and how
this may facilitate future violence.
HV6433 .A785 T47 2005
Transnational Crime.
Jay Albanese.
Whitby, ON : de Sitter Publications, c2005.
188p.
Transnational crime will impact the twenty-first century
much in the same way that earlier technological developments changed the
face of crime in the twentieth century. Includes trafficking in human
beings, intellectual property theft, commercial sexual exploitation of
children, law enforcement response to transnational crime and terrorism, how
we understand different cultures and account for divergent perspectives on
social problems.
HV6252 .T69 2005
Transnational
Organized Crime and International Security: Business as Usual?
Mats Berdal and Monica Serrano. Boulder, CO : Lynne Rienner, 2002.
243p.
Rapid
growth and global reach appear to have given transnational
organized
crime an unprecedented capacity to challenge states.
Part 1 focuses on the growth over the past quarter century. Part 2 explores
the policy response of the United Nations, the European Union, and the
Organization of American States (OAS) to the rise and growing sophistication
of transnational organized crime. Part 3 considers regional trends and
developments in transnational
organized
crime, and covers cases ranging from the more familiar drug-trafficking
industry of Latin America to the increasingly dominant role of Hong Kong and
Chinese triads in the international criminal underworld.
HV6252 .T734 2002
Transnational
Threats: Blending Law Enforcement and Military Strategies.
Carolyn
W.Pumphrey, editor. Strategic
Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 2000. 256p.
Examines
transnational threats, including weapons of mass destruction, cyber threats to
the national infrastructure, and international organized crime. Identifies the
key challenges facing the U.S., paying particular attention to the role of the
military.
Also
available at: http://www.carlisle.army.mil/ssi/pdffiles/PUB224.pdf
U413.A66
T61 2000
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