Maritime Security and Piracy

 

Internet Resources

Books

Audiovisual Materials


Internet Resources


Organizations

Cargo Security International. 
Piracy updates. 
Available at: http://www.cargosecurityinternational.com/

Federation of American Scientists.
For articles search under "Modern Day Piracy".
Available at:  http://www.fas.org/main/search.jsp

ICC Commercial Crime Services.  
Includes links to: International Maritime Bureau; IMB Piracy Reporting Centre; and the " Weekly Piracy Report". 
Available at: http://www.iccwbo.org/ ; click on "ICC Commercial Crimes Services" button.

International Maritime Organization (IMO).  
Select "Newsroom" tab; select "Hot topics"; select "Maritime Security"; select "Piracy and Armed Robbery Against Ships". 
Available at: http://www.imo.org/home.asp   

Interpol.
Interpol's involvement in the fight against international terrorism. Includes maritime piracy.
Available at: http://www.interpol.com/Public/Terrorism/

National Center for Maritime and Port Security (NCMPS)
SRI leads the National Center for Maritime and Port Security (NCMPS), which brings together national experts on detecting, preventing, responding to and recovering from terrorist events in the maritime domain. It provides a highly capable, collaborative institution for counterterrorism and preparedness.

ONI WorldWide Threat to Shipping.
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. Maritime Safety Information.
Reports by date of maritime warnings.  

Available at
: http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/onit/onit_j_main.html   http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/index/index.html

Overseas Security Advisory Council
Weekly and monthly reports on international maritime piracy. links to organizations involved in maritime security.

Regional Maritime Security Initiative
The goal of RMSI is to develop a partnership of willing regional nations with varying capabilities and capacities to identify, monitor, and intercept transnational maritime threats under existing international and domestic laws.

Threats to Oil Transport
Institute for the Analysis of Global Security
Overview and links to articles of interest

World Oil Transit Chokepoints
Location, volume of oil and major security concerns
 

Documents and Publications

ARF Statements on Cooperation Against Piracy and Other Threats to Security.
17 June 2003. Association of Southeast Asian Nations. 
Available at: http://www.aseansec.org/14837.htm  

CIAO: Columbia International Affairs Online/Working Papers.   
Search for "Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation", click on "Sea Lines of Communications (SLOC) Security and Access", Michael Stankiewicz; February 1998.
Available athttp://www.ciaonet.org/frame/wpsfrm.html

A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower
October 2007. U.S. Navy Strategy Pamphlet

Economics and Maritime Strategy: Implication for the 21st Century
Paper No.2. A Workshop Sponsored by the William B. Ruger Chair of National Security Economics
Naval War College, Newport, Rhode Island 6-8 November 2006

Globalization and Maritime Power.
Sam J. Tangredi. Washington, D.C.: National Defense University, 2002.
Available at:  http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/websites/nduedu/www.ndu.edu/inss/books/Books_2002/Globalization_and_Maritime_Power_Dec_02/01_toc.htmhttp://www.fas.org/main/search.jsp

Maritime Insecurities
Mark J. Valencia, Taiwan Review, Jan. 2007
China's influence on maritime security in SEA

Maritime Order and Piracy.
Vijay Sakhuja. Strategic Analysis; August 2000. Piracy information.
Available at: http://www.ciaonet.org/olj/sa/sa_aug00sav01.html 

Maritime Piracy.
Available at: http://www.geocities.com/cdelegas/index.html

Maritime Piracy : Sign of a Security Threat?
Charles J. Reinhardt.  Piracy information.
Available at: http://www.mercermc.com/Perspectives/Specialty/MOT_pdfs/MaritimePiracy.pdf 

Maritime Security in South West Asia
Adm. Mihir Roy, Society for Indian Ocean Studies
Indian Ocean and Indo-Japan relations. (See pg. 11-12)

Maritime terrorism: a new challenge for NATO
Institute for the Analysis of Global Security Jan. 2005
Challenges of Maritime piracy and smuggling, human and drug trafficking, transnational crime.

Modern Day Piracy.
Available at: http://home.wanadoo.nl/m.bruyneel/archive/modern/index.htm

An Overview of Current Concerns in Piracy Studies and New Directions for Research. 
Derek Johnson and Erika Pladdet.  August 1, 2003. Amsterdam. Centre for Maritime Research (MARE).
Gives an overview of current concerns in piracy studies and suggests new directions for research.
Available at: http://www.marecentre.nl/people_and_the_sea_2/documents/piracy.pdf

Piracy and Terrorism are Joining Forces and Creating Troubled Waters for the Maritime Industry.
Ali M. Koknar.
Security Management Online. Piracy information.
Available at:
http://www.securitymanagement.com/library/001617.html  

Piracy Guidance and Reports.
Marisec : Maritime International Secretariat Services Limited.  
Attacks on vessels in various parts of the world are a real and growing problem. Recent years have seen a steady rise in the number and severity of incidents of piracy and armed robbery against ships, posing an increasing danger to the world's shipping and to international trade. The following guidance has been produced as an aid for masters whose ships may be liable to attack, and to assist shipping companies in drawing up their own, more detailed, security measures.
Available at: http://www.marisec.org/piracy/index.htm

Piracy in Asia: A Growing Barrier to Maritime Trade.
Dana R. Dillon. The Heritage Foundation. Policy Research & Analysis, 22 June 2000.
Available at: http://www.heritage.org/Research/AsiaandthePacific/BG1379.cfm

Piracy in Southeast Asia: A Historical Comparison.
Ger Teitler. MAST 2002, Volume 1, No. 1. Centre for Maritime Research (MARE).
Available at: http://www.marecentre.nl/mast/documents/GerTeitler.pdf

Piracy in Southeast Asia: New Trends, Issues and Responses
Catherine Zara Raymond, Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies
Singapore, October 2005.

Policy Memo: Envisioning a Future Multilateral Security Mechanism for Northeast Asia: What’s at Stake for the US?
Stanley Foundation. Feb. 12, 2008
As part of its broader multiyear effort to explore the contours of Asian institution building, the Stanley Foundation, in collaboration with the Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation (IGCC), convened a workshop on February 12, 2008, to explore the way forward for a future multilateral security and peace mechanism in Northeast Asia and the near, medium and long-term implications for the United States.

Rand: Africa Suffers Wave of Maritime Violence. Peter Chalk.  
While more than half of maritime piracy occurs in Southeast Asia, there are growing fears that Africa is becoming the new hotspot for such attacks. This opinion article appeared in Jane's Intelligence Review on April 1, 2001.
Available at: http://www.rand.org/commentary/040101JIR.html

Resource Issues and Ocean Governance in Asia Pacific: An Indonesian Perspective
Dewi Fortuna Anwar, Contemporary Southeast Asia, 2006
Excerpt: Many inter-state disputes are maritime in nature, both due to the many still unsettled maritime boundaries as a consequence of the enactment of UNCLOS, and the tendency towards a free-for-all exploitation of maritime resources with little regard for territorial jurisdictions. Mutual suspicions have prevented countries in the Asia Pacific from developing region-wide and over-arching security organizations, even at the sub-regional level.
The journal Contemporary Southeast Asia is available in the APCSS Library.
The article may also be accessed via the Proquest database by logging on to Online Library Databases via the Library homepage

Safeguarding the Malacca Straits
Cdr. Gurpreet S Khurana,  Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses Jan. 2005
Possible role of India in Maritime Security

The Security of Sea Lanes in Southeast Asia
Asian Survey, Vol.46, Issue 4, pp.558-574 (July/August 2006)
Available at: http://caliber.ucpress.net/doi/abs/10.1525/as.2006.46.4.558

Security in Marine Transport: Risk Factors and Economic Impact
Maritime Transport Committee, July 2003
Economic costs of maritime piracy. Risk factors and strategically sensitive locations.

SLOC Security in the Asia Pacific.
Ji Guoxing. Honolulu, HI.: Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies. Center Occasional Paper, 2000.
Available at: http://www.apcss.org/Publications/Ocasional%20Papers/OPSloc.htm

Southeast Asia’s Maritime Security Dilemma: State or Market?
Carolin Liss, Japan Focus
Overview of EEZ, Piracy statistics, Private Security Companies in Southeast Asia.

 

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Books


ASIA LOOKS SEAWARD : POWER AND MARITIME STRATEGY
Toshi Yoshihara 2008
Asian waters promise to be a new geostrategic locus of international politics in the coming years. This assertion may seem somewhat jarring or even bizarre to the casual observer of world affairs. After all, successive Asian powers, including China, Japan, and Russia, repeatedly tried and failed to dominate their nautical environment militarily over the past century. Not an Asian great power but Europe’s unsurpassed naval power preserved maritime order in the region during the imperial heyday of the nineteenth century. The U.S. Navy succeeded to this role in the Pacific following World War II. Unsurprisingly, then, Asia’s abrupt turn to the seas over the past decade has elicited little to no attention from most observers and has been viewed with indifference by many who have taken note. This oversight, however understandable, could cost nations with a stake in the Asian order dearly as the international system undergoes a barely perceptible but momentous maritime shift.
E-Book. May be viewed in PSI (Praeger Security International) at Online Library Databases from the Library webpage.

The Best of Times, the Worst of Times : Maritime Security in the Asia-Pacific.
Phil Joshua Ho and Catherine Z. Raymond. Singapore: World Scientific: Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, c2005. 294p.
Brings together in a single volume international experts renowned in their specializations to discuss issues and current trends relating to maritime security. It looks at the issue of maritime security in the Asia-Pacific through a three step approach. First it surveys both the global maritime outlook and the outlook in each of the regions of Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, and South Asia. From these regional perspectives, trends in commercial shipping and force modernization, and issues like the weapons proliferation and maritime terrorism are discussed. After looking at the maritime environment, the specific challenges that the maritime community faces are examined. These challenges include maritime boundary and territorial disputes in the South China Sea, the force modernization of three Northeast Asian navies, and the spectre of maritime terrorism. The volume concludes by looking at some new initiatives for maritime cooperation, a survey of maritime "regime" building, and the legal and political implications of the proliferation security initiative.
JZ1980 .B4 2005  

Combating Transnational Crime : Concepts, Activities and Responses.
Phil Williams and Dimitri Vlassis. Portland, OR : Frank Cass, 2001. 390p. "Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation of Women and Children" p.237.
The rise of transnational organized crime in the last decades of the twentieth century was as unexpected as the end of the Cold War. This emergence is both a symptom and a result of changes in international relations. It is also a development that will exacerbate the difficulties of managing globalization. The first part explores the nature and meaning of transnational organized crime, its operations in illegal markets, and its organization. The second part offers a few case studies of specific criminal activity, such as maritime fraud and trafficking in women and children. The third part focuses on political, judicial and law enforcement responses. 

H
V6252 .C65 2001

Contemporary piracy and maritime terrorism : the threat to international security
Murphy, Martin N.
Do piracy and maritime terrorism, individually or together, present a threat to international security, and what relationship if any exists between them? Piracy may be a marginal problem in itself, but the connections between organised piracy and wider criminal networks and corruption on land make it an element of a phenomenon that can have a weakening effect on states and a destabilising one on the regions in which it is found. Furthermore, it is also an aspect of a broader problem of disorder at sea that, exacerbated by the increasing pressure on littoral waters from growing numbers of people and organisations seeking to exploit maritime resources, encourages maritime criminality and gives insurgents and terrorists the freedom to operate.
U162.A3 Adelphi Paper No.388 2007

Contemporary maritime piracy in southeast Asia : history, causes and remedies.
Young, Adam J.
This book explores contemporary maritime piracy in Southeast Asia, demonstrating the utility of using historical context in developing policy approaches that will address the roots of this resurgent phenomenon. The depth and breadth of historical piracy help highlight causative factors of contemporary piracy, which are immersed in the socio-cultural matrix of maritime-oriented peoples to whom piracy is still a "thinkable" option. The threats to life and property posed by piracy are relatively low, but significant given the strategic nature of these waterways that link the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and because piracy is emblematic of broader issues of weak state control in the littoral states of the region. Maritime piracy will never be completely eliminated, but with a progressive economic and political agenda aimed at changing the environment from which piracy is emerging, it could once again become the exception rather than the rule.

G535 .Y686 2007

Dangerous Waters : Modern Piracy and Terror on the High Seas.
John S. Burnett.  New York: Dutton, 2002. 346p.
Maritime piracy, once confined to the history books and long romanticized by storytellers and would-be adventurous youth, experienced a surprisingly rapid resurgence in the last decade. Shipping routes around Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Africa have seen frequent pirate attacks. Today's pirates have advantages their predecessors never dreamed of, such as modern weapons, radar, and tangles of red tape complicating law enforcement in international waters.
Unlike the romantic images from yesteryear of Captain Hook, Long John Silver, and Blackbeard, modern pirates can be local seamen looking for a quick score, highly trained guerrillas, rogue military units, or former seafarers recruited by sophisticated crime organizations. 

G535 .B87 2003

The evolving maritime balance of power in the Asia-Pacific : maritime doctrines and nuclear weapons at sea
Prabhakar, Lawrence W.
The Asia-Pacific region has emerged as the hub of global geo-political, geo-economic and geo-strategic significance in the post-Cold War period. The rise of China and the resurgence of India will be the hallmark for the next 50 years. How this surge in power is accommodated by the incumbent powers like the United States and Japan, and how the new regional powers like China and India manage the power politics that emerge will be the key determinants of regional stability. This volume examines the national maritime doctrines as well as the nuclear weapons developments at sea of the four major powers in the Asia-Pacific, namely, China, India, Japan and the United States, to see if the evolving dynamic is a cooperative or a competitive one. In particular, the volume looks at the evolving paradigms of maritime transformation in strategy and technology; the emergent new maritime doctrines and evolving force postures in the naval orders of battle; the role and operations of nuclear navies in the Asia-Pacific; and the implications and impact of nuclear weapons, ballistic missiles and sea-based missile defence responses in the region
Read inside the book at: http://www.worldscibooks.com/eastasianstudies/6128.html
VA620 .E86 2006
 

Grey-Area Phenomena in Southeast Asia : Piracy, Drug Trafficking and Political Terrorism.
Peter Chalk.  Canberrra, Australia : Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Australian National University, 1997. 117p. This study examines three specific areas of concern in Southeast Asia: maritime piracy; drug production and trafficking (with a primary emphasis on the Golden Triangle region of Laos, Burma and Thailand); and political terrorism. Though these threats are not new to the region, all three issues have taken on greater prominence in recent years. Also, the mechanisms for addressing these threats are not well developed, and there is a need for greater relevance in national security calculations in many Southeast Asian states.
UA830 .C5244 1997

IDSS Working Papers.
No. 74: Maritime Terrorism in Southeast Asia / Catherine Zara Raymond -- March 2005.
No. 75: Southeast Asian Maritime Security in the Age of Terror / John Bradford -- April 2005.
No. 81: The Security of Regional Sea Lanes / Joshua Ho --June 2005.

No. 89: Piracy in Southeast Asia: New Trends and Responses / Catherine Zara Raymond -- October 2005

UA832.8 .I21

In Search of Pirates.
Robert Stuart.  Edinburgh and London: Mainstream Publishing, 2002. 222p.
"In Search of Pirates" reveals the shocking truth about the scourge of present-day piracy. Intrigued by the dramatic rise in attacks on ships in the South China Sea, Robert Stuart began to search for the story behind the statistics. He would eventually track down some of the most ruthless and dangerous criminals in South-east Asia. In the narrow straits of Malacca and Singapore, which are host to one-third of the world's commercial shipping, there may be hundreds of ships at any one time. To the poverty-stricken inhabitants of the coastal villages -- and the anonymous bosses in South-east Asia who coordinate the pirate gangs -- this conveyor-belt of glittering prizes often proves an irresistible temptation. Stuart gives compelling insights into the cultural and economic climate which makes the South China Sea the most dangerous area for shipping in the world.
G535 .S824 2002

India & Southeast Asia : towards security convergence
Devare, Sudhir. 2006
Examines the new geopolitics of Asia in the 21st century, and the rise of India's role in Southeast Asia.
Contents: 1. Politico-security landscape -- 2. Growing security convergence? -- 3. Seas as connecting links: salience of the Indian Ocean and prospects for maritime cooperation -- 4. Economic cooperation and integration: building blocks of security -- 5. Democracy, culture and the Indian diaspora -- 6. Myanmar: a challenging frontier -- 7. Conclusion -- Appendices.
DS525.9 .I4 D48 2006

Jolly Roger with an Uzi : the Rise and Threat of Modern Piracy.
Jack A. Gottschalk and Brian P. Flanagan.  Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2000. 170p.
Piracy has become a real threat to all who sail the oceans, regardless of the size or type of their vessel. Reported pirate attacks are on the increase, yet few people are aware of the scope and ferocity of today's marine terrorism. This book warns seafarers of the worldwide problem and suggests actions to be taken. The authors call attention to the fact that no location is entirely safe, although the preponderance of reported pirate assaults occur in the waters off Indonesia, Brazil, Somalia, and in the South China Sea. They describe the modern-day pirate as motivated primarily by greed, but not necessarily part of an organized crime group. As the title of the book indicates, pirates often use high-power automatic weapons, and they escape in high-speed boats. Most plan their attacks carefully, frequently using information gained through government agencies in ports. To curtail the crime, the authors suggest U.S. policy reforms, new roles for government agencies and military and maritime enforcement units, and a redefinition of jurisdictions.

HV6441 .G67 2000

The Outlaw Sea : A World of Freedom, Chaos, and Crime.
William Langewiesche. New York : North Point Press, c2004. 239p.
The open ocean
spreads across three-fourths of the globe. It is a place of storms and danger, both natural and manmade. And at a time when every last patch of land is claimed by one government or another, it is a place that remains radically free. Langewiesche explores this ocean world and the enterprises--licit and illicit--that flourish in the privacy afforded by its horizons. Forty-three thousand gargantuan ships ply the open ocean, carrying nearly all the raw materials and products on which our lives are built. Many are owned or managed by one-ship companies so ghostly that they exist only on paper. They are the embodiment of modern global capital and the most independent objects on earth--many of them without allegiances of any kind, changing identity and nationality at will.  But its efficiencies are accompanied by global problems--shipwrecks and pollution, the hard lives and deaths of the crews, and the growth of two perfectly adapted pathogens: a modern and sophisticated strain of piracy and its close cousin, the maritime form of the new stateless terrorism. 
HE571 .L36 2004

Piracy and Armed Robbery Against Ships : Annual Report, 1 January - 31 December 2004.
International Maritime Bureau of the ICC. Barking, Essex : ICC International Maritime Bureau, 2004. 25p.
An analysis of world-wide reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery against ships from 1 January to 31 December 2004.
HV6441 .P57 2004

Piracy in Southeast Asia : Status, Issues and Responses.
Derek Johnson and Mark Valencia. Singapore : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2005. 174p.
In Southeast Asia where the incidence and violence of piracy have been growing and where maritime terrorism is a threat with potentially horrific consequences, there is an urgent need to come up with innovative ways to counter maritime violence. If more effective collaboration can be negotiated through regional co-operation, a major impact can be made on piracy.
DS526.7 .P57 2005

The proliferation security initiative : making waves in Asia
Valencia, Mark J.
In an address to the 2003 G8 Summit, President George Bush proposed the Proliferation Security Initiative strategy against the spread of "weapons of mass destruction." This report evaluates the PSI, particularly focusing on the interception aspects of the strategy as it relates to the maritime politics of Asia. It argues that the strategy could have significant benefits, but notes that it contains political and legal dangers related to a lack of clarity and double standards in its definitions and to conflicts with existing international maritime law.

U162 .A3 NO.376 2005

Seapower : a guide for the twenty-first century
Till, Geoffrey.
Till (UK Joint Services Command and Staff College) explores the functions, importance, and impact of the world's navies and suggests ways in which they will need to adapt to changing conditions in the 21st century. Aimed at students and practitioners of maritime strategy (as well as the interested general reader) the text addresses such topics as the constituents of seapower, the challenge of transformational technology, the defense of maritime communications, and the range and extent of naval diplomacy.
V25 .T55 2004

The Shifting of Maritime Power and the Implications for Maritime Security in East Asia.   
Joshua Ho. IDSS working paper. No. 68.  Singapore : Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, Nanyang Technological University, the Republic of Singapore, 1998- June 2004. 25p.
This paper discusses how the possession of maritime power can lead to the accrual of economic power and highlights how maritime power is shifting to East Asia by observing trends in four areas of inter and intra-regional trade flows, regional energy demand, strength of regional merchant fleets and strength of regional navies. Correlated to the increasing maritime power is the increasing economic growth of the region which is expected to surpass that of the United States and the European Union combined in 2015. However, this is no fait accompli and regional stability is critical to the continued economic growth in the region.

UA832.8 .I21 2004 NO.68

The Straits of Malacca : Gateway or Gauntlet?   
Donald B. Freeman. Montreal : McGill-Queen's University Press, 2003. 249p.
For centuries the Straits of Malacca, a narrow waterway between the Malay Peninsula and the island of Sumatra, has been both a major conduit for long distance trade between Asia and the West and one of the most dangerous areas for commercial shipping.  Donald Freeman examines this narrow waterway and looks at its significance as both a trade gateway and a choke-point that has forced generations of sailors to "run the gauntlet".
HC441 .F74 2003

String of pearls : meeting the challenge of China's rising power across the Asian littoral
Pehrson, Christopher J.
China's rising maritime power is encountering American maritime power along the sea lines of communication (SLOCs) that connect China to vital energy resources in the Middle East and Africa. The "String of Pearls" describes the manifestation of China's rising geopolitical influence through efforts to increase access to ports and airfields, develop special diplomatic relationships, and modernize military forces that extend from the South China Sea through the Strait of Malacca, across the Indian Ocean, and on to the Arabian Gulf. A question posed by the "String of Pearls" is the uncertainty of whether China's growing influence is in accordance with Beijing's stated policy of "peaceful development," or if China one day will make a bid for regional primacy. This is a complex strategic situation that could determine the future direction of China's relationship with the United States, as well as China's relationship with neighbors throughout the region.
Available on line at: http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB721.pdf
U413 .C2 P44 2005

Violence In Between : Conflict and Security in Archipelagic Southeast Asia.   
Damien Kingsbury. Clayton : Monash Asia Institute ; Singapore : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2005. 326p.
Security issues have been a constant and often dominant theme in maritime Southeast Asia, with few regions of the world as prone to political instability and lack of government authority. This reflects the fractured state of the region and the consequences of colonialism. This book considers a range of security issues that have affected archipelagic Southeast Asia. The contributors are specialist scholars with experience in the environments they write about.
UA832.8 .V56 2005

A time bomb for global trade : maritime-related terrorism in an age of weapons of mass desctruction
Richardson, Michael.
Contents: Trade, terrorists, shipping, and cargo containers -- Al-Qaeda's "navy" -- A maritime terror strike -- Mega-teror, radiological, and nuclear -- Catastrophic terrorism and its potential impact on global trade -- Costs and benefits of enhanced security -- How secure? -- Proliferation security initiative -- Sea change and recommendations.
HV6431 .R52 2004

 

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Audiovisual Materials

 


Return of the Pirates.
New York : A&E Home Video : History Channel : Distributed by New Video Group, 2006. 1 videodisc (100 min.) : sd., col. ; 4 3/4 in.
Over 90% of international trade travels by water and a new generation of criminals is blending terror tactics with time-tested methods to threaten this economic lifeline. Nations and corporations are racing to protect themselves and their goods, and though the pirates are still ahead, new international response units and mercenary ships are combating the attacks. The U.S. Coast Guard trains navies worldwide in anti-piracy measures, but corrupt law enforcement officials mar advances in their effectiveness. Today's pirate is organized, political, and will command world attention once again.
HV6441 .R48 2006

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Counterterrorism.  Focuses on the current issues and controversies that pertain to counter terrorism.

Law of the Sea.  Focuses on the current issues and controversies that underlie the law of the sea.

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Updated: 29 January 2009